Titanium dioxide has been used as the white pigment since the ancient times.95% of its current usage in industry involves paints, cosmetics, plastics, paper, and food. However, in near future the economic impact of titanium dioxide seems to be controlled by energy related applications mostly. Therefore, this chapter projects a brief outlook on the added value provided by the titanium dioxide structures in new and emerging technologies of the energy sector. The applications focused are: solar fuels, solar cells, fuel cells, Li ion batteries and solid state lighting. In those applications, TiO_2 standouts with its chemical and thermal stability, morphology variety, position of conduction and valance band energy levels, optical properties and cost.

关键词：二氧化钛；新兴能源技术；聚焦

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Since a nonlinear dynamical model is very complex, it causes the exponential increase in computation time. Implementation of nonlinear control is very difficult when the order of the model becomes high. Automatic differentiation is a new approach for implementing the computation of the nonlinear systems. This paper shows simulations and experiments in lateral plane of a mono-wheel robot.

关键词：自动分化；非线性控制；单轮机器人

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Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite materials have been of great interest for their extraordinary performances due to the combination of the advantageous properties of polymers and the size dependent properties of nanocrystals (NCs). Interaction between the polymer matrix and nanocrystalline fillers produces wonderful features, viz. thermal, magnetic, mechanical, electrical and optical properties to these materials. Modern applications require a new design of responsive functional coatings which is capable of changing their properties in a controlled way. However, the synthesis of Ⅱ-Ⅵ nanoparticles into the polymer matrix of its nanocomposites with adjustable sizes and protected from photo-oxidation is a big challenge to the scientific community. It is difficult to synthesize the highly enhanced luminescence in polymers and its semiconductor nanocomposite systems. Luminescence from the polymer embedded Ⅱ-Ⅵ nanoparticles is greatly enhanced and better stability can be achieved from the composite compared to bulk materials. The formation of nanocomposites can be confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It is an important technique for determining the optical gap, purity, crystalline quality defects and analysis of the quantum confinement in these nanocomposite materials. In this paper, we have reviewed the present status of Ⅱ-Ⅵ polymer nanocomposites from the photoluminescence studies point of view. We have also shown the results of the PL of these nanocomposite materials and the results will be compared with the reported literature by other groups.

关键词：纳米复合材料；半导体；聚合物；光致发光

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Magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been special focus of high research interest due to their high magnetic moment and bio-affinity surface properties and promising applications in nanoscience, nanotechnology and bio-applications. These properties can be obtained by synthesizing various magnetic nanoparticles and core-shell type magnetic nanocomposites. In this research, we synthesized high magnetization superparamagnetic nanoparticles and core-shell nanocomposites by chemical and sonochemical method for using as carriers/labels in bio-sensing purpose. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by sonochemical method using inexpensive and non-toxic metal salts as reactants. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data demonstrated that the particles were narrow range in size distribution with 11 nm average particle size and spherical in shape. The magnetization curve from vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement shows that as-synthesized NPs were nearly superparamagnetic in magnetic properties with very low coercivity, and magnetization values were 80 emu/g. Monodisperse magnetite nanocubes with uniform particle size of about 80 nm have been synthesized in aqueous medium by sonochemical method. The magnetic characterization of the NPs reveals saturation magnetization of 91 emu/g at 5 K for as-synthesized sample and 94.8 emu/g for the sample which annealed at the temperature of 600 °C in a vacuum chamber. However, the saturation magnetization has been observed to decrease with further increase in annealing temperature and this has been attributed to the presence of a thin magnetic dead layer at the surface caused by shape anisotropy distortion and broken exchange bonds, and spin canting on the surface of the particles in addition to formation of a small amount of maghemite phase. Highly crystalline and monodisperse cobalt ferrite (CoFe_2O_4) nanoparticles have been synthesized via rapid one-pot sonochemical techniques and without subsequent calcination. The size of CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticle was controlled in the range from 20 to 110 nm based on the solvent medium used in the synthesis process. Furthermore, the evolution from spherical to cubic morphology of cobalt ferrite is achieved by simply changing the solvent medium from aqueous to alcoholic medium. High saturation magnetization (Ms) and high coercivity (Hc) values of 87 emu/g and 1610 Oe, respectively were obtained for the CoFe_2O_4 NPs. For synthesis of core-shell type of silica coated iron oxide magnetic (Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core-shell) NPs, sono-chemical approach was applied using inexpensive and non-toxic chemicals. TEM data demonstrated that the thickness of silica coating on iron oxide magnetic NPs 10-15 nm in average. The magnetization curve from VSM measurement shows that the magnetization has also been decreased of as synthesized silica coated iron oxide NPs compared to freshly prepared bare iron oxide magnetic NPs, which is also a evidence of synthesizing of Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core-shell NPs. Besides the synthesis of metal oxide core-shell NPs, high magnetization FeCo nanoparticles with different Fe/Co ratios have been successfully synthesized by surfactant free simple modified polyol method. In this process, polyethylene glycol was used as a solvent media and it has been found to play a key role to act as a reducing agent as well as a stabilizer simultaneously. TEM data suggest that the annealed FeCo nanoparticles are of 50-90 nm in size. The physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) reveals that the Fe_(60)Co_(40) composition among all the samples exhibit highest saturation magnetization of 230.14 emu/g at 5K. In another study, high magnetic monodisperse NiFe NPs with different compositions have been successfully synthesized polyol method. TEM images displayed formation of a thin oxide layer around the nanoparticles, and confirmed by detection of some oxygen element using EDS measurement. The magnetic properties of the synthesized NiFe NPs samples were measured VSM at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization value was found to be iron content dependent.

关键词：纳米粒子；磁性纳米颗粒；纳米复合材料

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Stamping is a long-established, widely used industrial process for economical high-volume production. It is used extensively in the automotive industry, as well as for production of white goods and many other products. In this book we present an approach, based on process control, to improve stamped part quality at reduced cost by eliminating tearing, wrinkling and springback. The concept is straightforward: measure punch forces and then adjust the blank holder (i.e., binder) forces (i.e., how tightly we hold the blank material in place) at various locations around its periphery and at various times during the stamping process to properly control the draw-in of blank material into the die. Of course, how to do this is the challenge! This book describes in detail how this simple goal can be achieved through real-time control technology.

关键词：冲压；钣金；过程控制

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This paper describes the optimization of a navigation controller system for a mobile autonomous robot using the PSO algorithm to adjust the parameters of each fuzzy controller, the navigation system is composed of 2 main controllers, a tracking controller and a reactive controller, plus an integrator block control that combines both fuzzy inference systems (FIS). The integrator block is called Weighted Fuzzy Inference System (WFIS) and assigns weights to the responses in each block of behavior in order to combine them into a single response. A comparison with the results obtained with genetic algorithms is also performed.

关键词：导航控制器系统；模糊控制系统；移动机器人

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Constitutive equations of irreversible deformation, e.g. elastoplastic, viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformations are described in rate forms in which the stress rate and the strain rate are related to each other through the tangent modulus. Therefore, numerical calculations are executed in their incremental forms by the input of load (stress) increment or displacement (deformation) increment, while the time increment is also input in rate-(or time-)dependent constitutive equations, e.g. viscoelastic and viscoplastic ones. The algorithm to pull-back the stress to the yield surface is required for the numerical calculation by the elastoplastic constitutive equations other than the subloading surface model possessing the automatic-controlling function to attract the stress to the yield surface. Numerical calculation by the explicit (or forward Euler) method results in the deviation from the exact solution or fails without convergence in the case that the tangent modulus is not constant, if an incremental step is taken large.

关键词：本构方程弹塑性；切线模量；粘弹性

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We have updated the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Environment (ABLE) model to use multicore/multinode parallelization via the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The model source code has been rewritten to use the Battlefield Environment Division Modeling Framework (BMF), an object-oriented framework developed to facilitate implementation of new technologies and algorithms. BMF is documented in this report.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气治理模型

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High-swelling sodium bentonite (Na-bentonite) commonly is used in engineered containment barriers for hydraulic control and containment of liquid-phase contaminants. Such barriers include compacted liners comprised of bentonite amended natural soils (i.e., sands, silts, and clays), manufactured geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) comprised of thin (～10 mm) sheets of Na-bentonite sandwiched between two porous geotextiles, highly compacted bentonite buffers for high-level nuclear waste disposal, and soil-bentonite (SB) vertical cutoff walls. The primary role of the bentonite in all of these barriers is to serve as a high swelling, low hydraulic conductivity, k, material (k ＜ 10~(-10) m/s) to minimize seepage of liquids (groundwater, leachates in landfills, pure-phase organic liquids, etc.) and migration of contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, radionuclides, organic compounds, etc.) through the barriers. A primary concern with bentonite-based barriers used for such containment applications is the potential for incompatibility between the bentonite and the liquid being contained, resulting in increase in k and concomitant decrease in the performance of the barrier. With this concern in mind, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the factors and potential impacts resulting from such incompatibility (Δk ＞ 0) in several different types of bentonite based-barriers, including traditional GCLs that rely solely upon bentonite as the primary hydraulic resistant material, compacted soil-bentonites (CSBs), and soil-bentonite backfills (SBBs) used in vertical cutoff walls for control of contaminated groundwater. The results show that the potential for significant incompatibility in bentonite-based barriers (i.e., Δk ranging from one to three or more orders of magnitude) generally increases with decrease in the amount of bentonite in the barrier, increase in the initial void ratio of the barrier, and/or increase in the composition and concentration of dissolved chemical species (solutes) contained in the permeant liquid. Values of k back-calculated from the results of consolidation tests based on Terzaghi's theory typically are unconservatively low and, therefore, should not be relied upon for assessing the performance of bentonite-based barriers.

关键词：导水率；膨润土；液压遏制

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This chapter describes a development approach for supporting a component-based development process of real-time applications, and the schedu-lability analysis of the resulting software. The approach revolves around the Model-Driven Software Engineering paradigm and its associated technologies. They provide the theoretical and technological support for defining the most suitable abstraction levels at which applications are designed, analyzed, deployed, etc., as well as the automatic evolution of models through the defined abstractions levels. To ensure that the analyzed models correspond to the input architectural description, it is necessary to establish univocal correspondences between the concepts of the domains involved in the process. The development process is supported by an Eclipse-based tool-chain, and a sample case study comprising the well-known cruise control problem illustrates its use.

关键词：开发方法；巡航控制；Eclipse

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