The ability to conveniently and immediately test and diagnose in a diverse and rapidly changing environment is critical for field diagnostics. Smart biomedical sensors employ many different diagnostic/therapeutic methodologies; however, an ideal system would include the ability for results to be shared instantaneously with all members of the team through a software interface. We discuss our efforts towards the development and use of a robust, mobile platform (Android-based smart phone) that incorporates stable molecular recognition elements in sensor development. The inexpensive, compact, robust, archival, and portable design is ideal for rapid field diagnostics.

关键词：诊断（医学）；分子；生物医学

查看摘要 索取原文[12页]

Biological organisms and their component organs, tissues and cells have unique electrical impedance properties. Impedance properties often change with changes in structure, composition, and metabolism, and can be indicative of the onset and progression of disease states. Over the past 100 years, instruments and analytical methods have been developed to measure the impedance properties of biological specimens and to utilize these measurements in both clinical and basic science settings. This chapter will review the applications of impedance measurements in the biomedical sciences, from whole body analysis to impedance measurements of single cells and cell monolayers, and how cellular impedance measuring instruments can now be used in high throughput screening applications.

关键词：生物医学；阻抗测量仪器；生物有机体；细胞

查看摘要 索取原文[21页]

关键词：生物质能;液体燃料;真菌;挥发性有机化合物纤维素

查看摘要 索取原文[21页]

The Toxics Release Inventory was the first major initiative to take a disclosure-based approach to environmental regulation and has served as the model for several other disclosure-based environmental policies. Yet the magnitude of its direct impacts on industrial manufacturing outcomes has not been established. I use Census Bureau micro-data to estimate the impacts of the Toxics Release Inventory on the opening of new manufacturing plants. I find that on average, counties that were found to be among the dirtiest in the country, in terms of toxic emissions, experienced a decrease in dirty plant births and an even larger increase in clean plant births. Furthermore, the magnitude of this shift is closely related to per capita income in the affected counties-the effect is strongest in high-income communities and is reversed in low-income communities.

关键词：空气污染；有毒物质；排放清单；测量

查看摘要 索取原文[45页]

Cellulosic and woody biomass can be directly converted to hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel blending components through the use of a new, economical, technology named integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH2).

关键词：加氢；生物质能；汽油；柴油燃料；化石燃料

查看摘要 索取原文[41页]

Our planet has been endowed with a host of natural mechanisms to keep the environment and climate in balance. Humans are now facing the need to restore this balance that has been upset in the past years because of a growing population and resource demands. To steer dependency away from freshwater crops and decrease environmental damage from humanity s fuel and energy demands, it is necessary to take advantage of the natural adaptive biomass resources that are already in place. Using methods of Green Planet Architecture, based on compilations of current research and procedures, could lead to new forms of energy and fueling as well as new sources for food and feed. Green Planet Architecture involves climatic adaptive biomass; geospatial intelligence; agri- and aqua-culture life cycles; and soil, wetland, and shoreline restoration. Plants such as Salicornia, seashore mallow, castor, mangroves, and perhaps Moringa can be modified (natural, model-assisted, or genetically modified) to thrive in salt-water and brackish water or otherwise not arable conditions, making them potentially new crops that will not displace traditional farming. These fueling sources also have potential to be used in other rapid-growth industries, such as the aviation industry, that have incentive to move towards more sustainable fuel supplies. This paper highlights an example of how synergistic development of biomass resources and geospatial intelligence high-performance computing capabilities can be focused to resolve potential drought-famine problems. These techniques, provide a basis for future e-science-based discovery (and access) through technology that can be expanded to support global societal applications.

关键词：生物质能;可再生能源;遥感;矿物燃料

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

Sixteen commercial reference buildings were created in the multizone airflow and contaminant transport program CONTAM in order to support airflow and indoor air quality (IAQ) analyses, which are not possible using the existing EnergyPlus input files for these buildings. Annual airflow and contaminant simulations were performed in CONTAM for six of the buildings. Contaminant analyses were performed for occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC) from indoor sources, outdoor particulate matter, and outdoor ozone. In all of the selected buildings and zones, the simulated indoor ozone and PM2.5 concentrations did not exceed indoor limits set by the World Health Organization. For CO2 and VOC, for which no similarly relevant indoor concentration standards or limits exist, the simulated concentrations were within expected ranges based on published field measurements in commercial buildings. The results of this study provide a baseline for subsequent use of these models to investigate approaches to building ventilation and other technologies that are intended to simultaneously reduce building energy consumption while maintaining or improving indoor air quality.

关键词：空气污染；室内空气污染；商业参考建筑；空气质量分析

查看摘要 索取原文[23页]

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) operates the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and North Las Vegas Facility (NLVF). From 1951 through 1992, the NNSS was the continental testing location for U.S. nuclear weapons. The release of radionuclides from NNSS activities has been monitored since the initiation of atmospheric testing. Limitation to underground detonations after 1962 greatly reduced radiation exposure to the public surrounding the NNSS. After nuclear testing ended in 1992, NNSS radiation monitoring focused on detecting airborne radionuclides from historically contaminated soils. These radionuclides are derived from re-suspension of soil (primarily by wind) and emission of tritium-contaminated soil moisture through evapotranspiration. Low amounts of legacy-related tritium are also emitted to air at the NLVF, an NNSS support complex in North Las Vegas. To protect the public from harmful levels of man-made radiation, the Clean Air Act, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) (Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 61 Subpart H) (CFR 2010a) limits the release of radioactivity from a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility to that which would cause 10 millirem per year (mrem/yr) effective dose equivalent to any member of the public. This limit does not include radiation unrelated to NNSS activities. Unrelated doses could come from naturally occurring radioactive elements, from sources such as medically or commercially used radionuclides, or from sources outside of the United States, such as the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan in 2011.

关键词：空气污染；有害空气污染物-放射性核素；国家排放标准；2012

查看摘要 索取原文[68页]

North Cascades National Park Complex, located in Northwest Washington, includes North Cascades National Park and Lake Chelan and Ross Lake National Recreation Areas. North Cascades National Park is designated as a Class I air quality area and is afforded special protection under the federal Clean Air Act. North Cascades National Park Complex is vulnerable to air pollution from nearby urban and agricultural areas, as well as to pollution from regional and even global sources. To better understand and protect air quality, the National Park Service has monitored air quality and air pollution-sensitive resources in the park since 1984. In 1994, the National Park Service Air Resources Division published a comprehensive review of the status of air quality and air pollution effects in five Class I parks in the Pacific Northwest. This report provides an update on air quality-related research and monitoring that has taken place at North Cascades National Park Complex.

关键词：空气污染；空气质量；北瀑布国家

查看摘要 索取原文[67页]

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is providing the Draft Guidance for PM(sub 2.5) Permit Modeling to the public for consideration, review, and comment. The Draft Guidance for PM(sub 2.5) Permit Modeling incorporates the modeling procedures and recommendations from the Stephen Page, March 23, 2010, guidance memorandum, 'Modeling Procedures for Demonstrating Compliance with PM(sub 2.5) NAAQS,' and further clarifies procedures for adequately addressing primary and secondarily formed fine particulate matter (PM(sub 2.5)) in a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and increment compliance demonstration under Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). This draft guidance document is also consistent with the EPA's Guideline on Air Quality Models, also published as Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51. The release of the Guidance for PM(sub 2.5) Permit Modeling at the conclusion of this review process will fulfill a need for additional guidance on demonstrating compliance with the PM(sub 2.5) NAAQS, especially with regard to considerations of the secondarily formed component of PM(sub 2.5), as noted in the March 23, 2010, Stephen Page guidance memorandum, and is consistent with the EPA's commitments in the Gina McCarthy, January 4, 2012, administrative grant of the July 28, 2012, Sierra Club petition.

关键词：空气污染；PM2.5；建模；指导草案

查看摘要 索取原文[108页]