In the context of image-guided left atrial fibrillation therapy, relatively very little work has been done to consider the changes that occur in the tissue during ablation in order to monitor therapy delivery. Here we describe a technique to predict the lesion progression and monitor the radio-frequency energy delivery via a thermal ablation model that uses heat transfer principles to estimate the tissue temperature distribution and resulting lesion. A preliminary evaluation of the model was conducted in ex vivo skeletal beef muscle tissue while emulating a clinically relevant tissue ablation protocol. The predicted temperature distribution within the tissue was assessed against that measured directly using fiberoptic temperature probes and showed agreement within 5℃ between the model-predicted and experimentally measured tissue temperatures at prescribed locations. We believe this technique is capable of providing reasonably accurate representations of the tissue response to radio-frequency energy delivery.

关键词：房颤治疗；图像引导导管导航；温度分布与病变特征；生物医学

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Biomedical signals are in general non-linear and non-stationary. Empirical Mode Decomposition in conjunction with Hilbert-Huang Transform provides a fully adaptive and data-driven technique to extract Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). The latter represent a complete set of locally orthogonal basis functions to represent non-linear and non-stationary time series. Large scale biomedical time series necessitate an online analysis which is presented in this contribution. It shortly reviews the technique of EMD and related algorithms, discusses the newly proposed SEMD algorithm and presents some applications to biomedical time series recorded during neuromonitoring.

关键词：生物医学信号；神经监测；生物医学；时间序列

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Commercially available furfural has been produced from hemicellulose derived from inedible-biomass-based resources, and furfural has been converted into commercially available furan by decarboxylation. These heterocyclic compounds are important chemicals for the production of biomass-based monomers. Oxidation of furfural gave a mixture of maleic acid and FA. These were hydrogenated to give succinic acid. Dimethyl succinate was synthesized from FA by esterification and hydrogenation. These chemicals are useful as biomass-based monomers for biomass-based plastics. Fully biomass-based poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was obtained by polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and biomass-based succinic acid or dimethyl succinate. Succinic anhydride (SAn) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were also synthesized from furfural. Fully biomass-based poly(butylene oxide-co-butylene succinate) was obtained by ring-opening polymerization of biomass-based SAn and THF. Partially biomass-based poly(butylene terephthalate) was obtained by polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and petroleum-based terephthalic acid. The biomass carbon ratio calculated from ~(14)C concentrations measured by accelerator mass spectroscopy verified that the PBS obtained in this study contained only biomass carbon. The polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and petroleum-based terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate gave partially biomass-based poly(butylene terephthalate), which is an engineering plastic.

关键词：糠醛；半纤维素；生物质能；琥珀酸；氢化

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“We do not know the optimal training methods for in‐flight medical conditions identified on the Space Medicine Exploration Medical Condition List [SMEMCL].

关键词：医学杂志；生物医学；远程医疗；重力生理学

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The viability of biomass as transportation fuel depends upon the allocation of limited resources for fuel, power, and products. By focusing on mature markets, this report identifies how biomass is projected to be most economically used in the long term and the implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and petroleum use. In order to better understand competition for biomass between these markets and the potential for biofuel as a market-scale alternative to petroleum-based fuels, this report presents results of a micro-economic analysis conducted using the Biomass Allocation and Supply Equilibrium (BASE) modeling tool. The findings indicate that biofuels can outcompete biopower for feedstocks in mature markets if research and development targets are met. The BASE tool was developed for this project to analyze the impact of multiple biomass demand areas on mature energy markets. The model includes domestic supply curves for lignocellulosic biomass resources, corn for ethanol and butanol production, soybeans for biodiesel, and algae for diesel. This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Transportation Energy Futures (TEF) project, a Department of Energy-sponsored multi-agency project initiated to pinpoint underexplored strategies for abating GHGs and reducing petroleum dependence related to transportation.

关键词：生物质能；燃料；交通运输；代用燃料；

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The Wabash gasification facility, owned and operated by sgSolutions LLC, is one of the largest single train solid fuel gasification facilities in the world capable of transforming 2,000 tons per day of petroleum coke or 2,600 tons per day of bituminous coal into synthetic gas for electrical power generation. The Wabash plant utilizes Phillips66 proprietary E-Gas Gasification Process to convert solid fuels such as petroleum coke or coal into synthetic gas that is fed to a combined cycle combustion turbine power generation facility. During plant startup in 1995, reliability issues were realized in the gas filtration portion of the gasification process. To address these issues, a slipstream test unit was constructed at the Wabash facility to test various filter designs, materials and process conditions for potential reliability improvement. The char filtration slipstream unit provided a way of testing new materials, maintenance procedures, and process changes without the risk of stopping commercial production in the facility. It also greatly reduced maintenance expenditures associated with full scale testing in the commercial plant. This char filtration slipstream unit was installed with assistance from the United States Department of Energy (built under DOE Contract No. DE-FC26-97FT34158) and began initial testing in November of 1997. It has proven to be extremely beneficial in the advancement of the E-Gas char removal technology by accurately predicting filter behavior and potential failure mechanisms that would occur in the commercial process.

关键词：空气污染；组合式分离器；过滤系统

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In recent years, corporations have shown increasing interest in measuring their environmental impacts, especially pollutant emissions. Business interests--for instance, preparing for imminent regulation--motivate this trend as much as ethics. Investors and customers factor environmental impact into their business decisions, and sustainable companies have a competitive advantage. According to Department of Transportation Climate Change Report, transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been growing steadily in recent decades. From 1990 to 2006 alone, transportation GHG emissions increased 27 percent, accounting for almost one-half of the increase in total US GHG emissions for the period. Transportation GHG emissions account for 29 percent of total US GHG emissions, and over 5 percent of global GHG emissions. In 2006, emissions from on-road vehicles accounted for 79 percent of transportation GHG emissions. Emissions from trucks accounted for 19 percent. For companies with large distribution systems, emissions from transport operations constitute a significant portion of their environmental impact. Many models have been developed to estimate vehicle emissions, though the focus in research and in practice has been on automobiles, as opposed to trucks and other heavy vehicles. In addition, there is a lack of standards governing emissions reporting. Wide variations and lack of documentation make comparisons between companies or years difficult. The goal of this project is, therefore, to develop a rigorous, flexible, and practical framework for estimating the emissions of freight transport operations. To meet this goal, we developed a software tool based on simple, yet defensible and reliable economic models of marginal emissions contributions from individual shipments. The initial focus is on trucking, but extensions for other freight modes are possible.

关键词：空气污染；货运作业；排放量

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Based on the previously published Na, Ag, Cu, and Zn ion-exchange and re-exchange study an attempt was taken to modelling the ion distribution in the structure of A type zeolite. Both the results of the ion release experiments and rigorous survey of the literature data were taken into account while positioning the ions in the crystal structure. Therefore the current study aimed to modelling the ion distribution of single, binary and ternary ion-exchanged zeolite systems used for antimicrobial purposes, where the variation of silver, copper and zinc is incorporated into the zeolite structure. The tool of modelling was "CrystalMaker6" developed by Crystal Maker Software Ltd.

关键词：离子分布；离子交换；沸石；生物医学

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关键词：癌症分期；放射科报告；语义规则库；生物医学

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关键词：环境监测；环境控制；生命支持系统；人因工程；

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