508 refers to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that was later expanded by the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. The act requires that when Federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology, they must ensure that it is accessible to people with disabilities.

关键词：计算机网络；联邦机构；信息服务；信息技术

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It is estimated that there are over one million patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with dialysis around the world. While the overwhelming majority of these patients are treated with extra-corporeal therapies in dialysis units (hemodialysis), over 10perform their dialysis treatments at home - virtually all these patients use peritoneal dialysis (PD). In at least two countries - Hong Kong and Thailand - end-stage renal disease patients are eligible for governmental financial support for dialysis services only if they begin treatment with PD. In PD, a naturally occurring membrane, the peritoneal membrane, is used as dialysis membrane and over the years, the therapy has developed such that it allows successful removal of sufficient amount of solutes and fluid required to sustain life even in individuals without any residual kidney function. PD involves the instillation of dialysate fluid through an indwelling abdominal catheter and allowing it to dwell for variable periods of time before exchanging it with fresh dialysate. Most patients require dialysis to be performed continuously - 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Recent studies from different parts of the world show that the 5- and 10-year mortality of patients treated either with in-center hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis are remarkably similar. In this chapter, we present an overview of the development of the therapy, key components that allow the therapy to be performed in its current form, and the complications of the therapy.

关键词：血液透析；腹膜透析；ESRD；帕金森病,

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Our efforts over this reporting period (April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012) were on proposing one new concept , finishing development of another concept and accruing to six DOD-PCCTC trials including two that stem from major contributions by our group. c11-089 is a randomized, gene fusion-stratified Phase II trial investigating Abiraterone ABT-888 in mCRPC. The hypothesis of the trial is that therapeutic targeting based on ETS gene fusions can improve disease response rates in patients with these molecular subtypes of cancer and in patients with ETS fusionpositive tumors, the targeting of the promoter and the transcription factor of the ETS fusion is more effective than targeting a single aspect of the fusion. The TMPRSS2-ETS gene fusion (discovered by a UM researcher) is present in over 50of all prostate cancers (ERG is the most common fusion partner of the ETS genes with TMPRSS2). The biomarker-stratified design will be used to determine if there is a response difference between treatments by ETS gene fusion-positive and fusion-negative strata. UM will be the lead site for this trial with the Univ. of Chicago N01 Phase II consortium as the coordinating center. Ten comprehensive cancer centers (six of which are DOD-PCCTC member sites) will be participating in this trial, with interest from other outside institutions as well as possibly an additional PCCTC member site. This trial was selected to be part of the Stand Up to Cancer (SU2C) Prostate Cancer Dream Team Translational Cancer Research Grant (AACR/PCF) This trial was activated at our site by the NCI on 4/18/2012. c11-080 is a multi-institutional Phase I and biomarker study of Everolimus combined with hormonal and radiation therapy for high risk prostate cancer introduced to the PCCTC by Dr. Daniel Hamstra who is the PI for this study which was based on pre-clinical work supported by a Young Investigator Award from the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF). The clinical trial is being supported by an ASCO Career.

关键词：临床试验;激素;前列腺癌;疾病;基因;肿瘤;患者

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In this chapter, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, a class of powerful iteratively decodable error correcting codes, are introduced. The chapter first reviews some basic concepts and results in information theory such as Shannon's channel capacity and channel coding theorem. It then overviews the Flash memory channel model. Finally, it addresses LDPC codes describing both their structure and efficient implementation, and their decoding algorithms. Simulation results are also provided.

关键词：低密度奇偶校验码；迭代解码；仿真；电子信息

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Although people's legs are capable of a broad range of muscle-use and gait patterns,they generally prefer just two,walking and running.A popular hypothesis regarding legged locomotion is that humans and other large animals walk and run in a manner that minimizes the metabolic energy expenditure for locomotion.Here,a mathematical model for a simple two-dimensional planar kneed walker with point feet and two bended knees is discussed.An energy-effective gait is designed by using pieeewise torque method.Then,the robot model can exhibit a natural and reasonable walk on a level ground.The results can prove that the proposed optimal energy-effective gait is suitable for this kneed biped walking robot.And we also discover some walking rules maybe true through the results of optimization.

关键词：双足机器人;优化;能源效益

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Repainting existing roadway markings (turn arrows, STOP messages, railroad crossings, etc.) is an important task for transportation maintenance organizations. MnDOT estimates that over 75of symbol and message painting is the repainting of existing markings. It would be extremely valuable for an automated painting system to have a vision guidance capability whereby an existing mark could be repainted accurately with little operator input. In this project a vision system was developed that is capable of identifying existing painted pavement markings and determining their dimensions, location, and orientation. Techniques were also developed whereby this information could be used to determine the location of the marking in the workspace of a painting robot to enable it to accurately repaint the marking. The vehicle-mounted robotic painter is still being built and tested, so final test results will not be available until the vision system can be completely integrated with the painter, and the two can be tested together. The accuracy of the projection produced using the techniques developed in this project would suggest that the final system will be capable of repainting pavement markings almost exactly where they appear on the roadway. Expected benefits of the deployment of a vision-guided robotic painting device include improved operator safety, improved productivity, and improved flexibility in roadway marking and repainting operations. Eventual users of a device using this technology could be city, county, state, and federal government agencies and private companies or contractors.

关键词：机器人；行车安全；公路养护；路面标志

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Contextual awareness refers to having autonomous robots reason about their capabilities and limitation and improve on those limitations through the help of others. This project explored three areas of contextual awareness detecting when anomalous behaviors occur, reacting to situations where plans are failing, and learning new plans through human demonstration. Each of these areas is important in achieving robust, reliable robot autonomy. The work on detecting anomalous behavior focused on finding subtle anomalies that could not be detected from single events; the work on reacting to failing plans focused on deciding when to switch between risk-neutral and risk-seeking policies, for domains in which the goal is to achieve above a certain threshold of reward; and the work on learning new plans focused on complex manipulator trajectories, where multiple human examples are combined so as to smooth out noise in the examples without losing important details. The first and third areas were demonstrated using actual robots; the second area was demonstrated using a video game simulator.

关键词：人工智能；机器人技术；机器人；自动操作

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Museum commentary robots usually have many functions,such as man-machine interaction,open language mode,actions show,and so on.The robot introduced in this paper uses cameras,infrared sensors and MP3 module to realize interpreting function and motion in accordance with the desired trajectory in the museum.This work makes up the blank space our school museum commentary robot and is benefit to promote student's positivity for museum knowledge.At the same time,this work will lay the foundation of next step commentary robot with open language mode and facial expression.

关键词：机器人;摄像机标定;路径规划;可视化控制

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This Synergistic IDEA project seeks to develop a novel strategy to effectively target ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer with anti-ErbB2 antibody coated nanogels carrying potent chemotherapeutics in combination with HSP90 inhibitors to enhance the endocytosis of ErbB2-receptor bound nanogel cargo. A successful outcome of our studies will provide a new therapeutic approach against a particularly difficult form of breast cancer and may provide a template for therapeutic targeting of other forms of breast cancer and other cancers. Success in preclinical models would also provide strong rationale for clinical translation of this technology with the ultimate goals of selective delivery of imaging and therapeutic modalities to tumors. Robust procedures for the synthesis of nanogels were developed, key structural parameters of block copolymers governing the physicochemical properties of the nanogels were identified, nanogels loaded with combination of anticancer therapeutics and methods for the preparation of ErbB2-targeted nanogels were developed, Mannose functionalized BICs provided a safe and stable platform for gene delivery to macrophages, doxorubicin-nanogels showed an efficient systemic drug delivery to human tumor xenografts.

关键词：乳腺癌;临床医学;药物;单克隆抗体;化疗;共聚物

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The literature on intelligent systems was reviewed in relation to the following: efficient human supervision of multiple robots; appropriate human trust in the automated systems; maintenance of human operator s situation awareness; individual differences in human-agent (H-A) interaction; and retention of human decision authority. A number of approaches, from flexible automation to autonomous agents, were reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Also discussed were two key human performance issues (trust and situation awareness) related to H-A teaming for multi-robot control and some promising user interface design solutions to address these issues. Some key individual differences factors (operator spatial ability, attentional control ability, and gaming experience) were identified that may impact H-A teaming in the context of robotics control.

关键词：人类，机器人；自动化；保留（一般）；人类与机器人互动

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