关键词：血液透析；腹膜透析；ESRD；帕金森病,
摘 要：It is estimated that there are over one million patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with dialysis around the world. While the overwhelming majority of these patients are treated with extra-corporeal therapies in dialysis units (hemodialysis), over 10perform their dialysis treatments at home - virtually all these patients use peritoneal dialysis (PD). In at least two countries - Hong Kong and Thailand - end-stage renal disease patients are eligible for governmental financial support for dialysis services only if they begin treatment with PD. In PD, a naturally occurring membrane, the peritoneal membrane, is used as dialysis membrane and over the years, the therapy has developed such that it allows successful removal of sufficient amount of solutes and fluid required to sustain life even in individuals without any residual kidney function. PD involves the instillation of dialysate fluid through an indwelling abdominal catheter and allowing it to dwell for variable periods of time before exchanging it with fresh dialysate. Most patients require dialysis to be performed continuously - 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Recent studies from different parts of the world show that the 5- and 10-year mortality of patients treated either with in-center hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis are remarkably similar. In this chapter, we present an overview of the development of the therapy, key components that allow the therapy to be performed in its current form, and the complications of the therapy.