We are examining the hypothesis that mitochondrial inheritance plays a significant role in aggressiveness of prostate cancer in African Americans. In the first year of the project we have identified 2,000 noncancerous tissues samples from African American men with prostate cancer and we have extracted DNA from approximately 1,500 of them to date. We have validated a robust new DNA sequencing technique developed by our collaborator using single amplicon long-range PCR that permits deep coverage (10,000-20,000X on average) of the mitochondrial genome. We have sequenced 549 samples fully thus far. Mapping of DNA variants in our sequenced genomes to mitochondrial genes has begun and the initial data is presented here. After months of testing, we determined that the ethidium bromide methodology for generating prostate cancer cell line cybrids was not effective and we have instead decided to use the Rhodamine-6-G procedure. Thus far the PC3 and PNT1A cell lines are responding well to this method and we expect to produce cybrids within the next month. We have begun testing additional mitochondrial cell lines in case the LNCaP cell cybrid generation is not successful.

关键词：非裔美国人;细胞胞质杂种细胞;脱氧核糖核的酸;线粒体,线粒体dna测序;前列腺癌

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During Year 4, revisions were made to the protocol which allowed female participants to be dosed within either phase of the menstrual cycle so long as they do not meet criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and/or moderate to severe Premenstrual Syndrome. Likewise, modifications to recruitment materials and compensation schedules have increased enrollment and retention. Safety reports continue to be sent to Actelion on a monthly basis. Both blinded and unblinded monitoring visits of study procedures and facilities are ongoing. Throughout Year 4, many new study team members were hired and trained (Study Coordinator, Recruiter, and Research Assistant). The study team also expanded to include additional informed consent administrators, clinical interviewers, as well as sleep technicians and neuropsychological assessment administrators in order to reach the our quarterly enrollment goals. Enrollment is expected to increase due to the actions taken above.

关键词：食欲素;神经认知性能;有序无序转变;促食素;睡眠

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Cancer cells have evolved to evade immune-mediated destruction through several documented mechanisms. Our group has developed a technique to enhance immune function in tumor-bearing hosts by targeting a protein on the surface of white blood cells, termed OX40. This type of immune modulation leads to therapeutic benefit in tumor-bearing mice. We have produced a protein that binds to the human OX40 protein and activates human white blood cells. We have a cell line that produces high quantities of this protein and our goal is to test this protein for safety and efficacy in non-human primates so that we can obtain FDA approval for clinical trials in cancer patients. The long-range goal of this proposal is translate these findings to prostate cancer patients.

关键词：血液细胞,血液蛋白质;癌症;临床医学;临床研究;免疫;配体;T淋巴细胞;治疗

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Conditioning pain modulation (CPM) is one of two dynamic test paradigms which measure an individual's ability to dampen pain centrally. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) is inhibitory pain modulation measured through the ability of a conditioning pain to dampen capacity on a test pain in an anatomically different location from the conditioning pain ("heterotropic pain inhibiting pain", also known as counterirritation). The primary target of DNIC is dorsal horn afferent neuron and wide dynamic range neuron. The critical medullary site for DNIC is the sub-nucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD), located in the medulla. There is interplay between the SRD and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Activation of the RVM by morphine impairs DNIC. There is also an important interplay between the SRD and the anterior cingulate gyrus. The spino-bulbo-spinal loop of DNIC is dependent upon serotonergic neurotransmission. DNIC can be imaged via EEG and functional MRI as well as measured clinically through CPM. DNIC decreases with age and is less efficient in females. Certain pain processing disorders such as fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome are more frequently associated with impaired DNIC. Duloxetine improves DNIC while morphine impairs DNIC. Clinically testing for DNIC through CPM may allow clinicians to better prescribe analgesics, as recently demonstrated in adaptive designed trials.

关键词：调节疼痛调制(CPM)；扩散有毒抑制性控制(DNIC)；背角神经元传入神经元；腹内侧髓质(RVM)

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In 2012, the number of international tourist arrivals worldwide was projected to reach a new high of 1 billion arrivals, a 48% increase from 674 million arrivals in 2000. International travel also is increasing among U.S. residents. In 2009,U.S. residents made approximately 61 million trips outside the country, a 5% increase from 1999. Travel-related morbidity can occur during or after travel. Worldwide, 8% of travelers from industrialized to developing countries report becoming ill enough to seek health care during or after travel. Travelers have contributed to the global spread of infectious diseases, including novel and emerging pathogens. Therefore, surveillance of travel-related morbidity is an essential component of global public health surveillance and will be of greater importance as international travel increases worldwide.

关键词：传染病;疾病监测;旅游;人口;发展中国家;诊断(医学);医疗保险;健康状况;国际合作;发病率;死亡率;公共卫生;病原菌;跟踪

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The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) is a decision support tool that is useful to spaceflight mission planners and medical system designers when assessing risks and optimizing medical systems. The IMM project maintains a database of medical conditions that could occur during a spaceflight. The IMM project is in the process of assigning an incidence rate, the associated functional impairment, and a best and a worst case end state for each condition. The purpose of this work was to develop the IMM Abdominal Injury Module (AIM). The AIM calculates an incidence rate of traumatic abdominal injury per person-year of spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS). The IMM project needs the incidence rate in the form of a probability density function, with the most likely incidence rate and the associated uncertainty determined. While the incidence rate for this medical event is low, the possible outcome (crew evacuation or loss of crew) is quite significant.

关键词：国际空间站载人航天飞行,航空航天医学;数学模型;损伤;概率理论;生物动力学;评估;灵敏度分析;数据基地;宇航员

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The VA Office of Inspector General Office of Healthcare Inspections assessed whether patients with diabetes mellitus and additional risk factors for lower extremity amputation received annual foot care in accordance with Veterans Health Administration (VHA) requirements. The study population consisted of patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and one or more of the following risk factors for amputation during July 1, 2009-February 28, 2010: peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and Charcot joint disease with foot deformity. We used a two-stage approach to evaluate the annual rate of patient encounters with VA or fee basis foot care specialists. We first examined administrative data for evidence of specialized foot care and then conducted a focused electronic health record review of a randomly selected sample of patients for whom there was no evidence of annual care in administrative data.

关键词：糖尿病;脚截肢;预防医学;健康教育;诊断;患者;危险因素;医院

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Hearing loss can render a soldier less able to detect and identify the enemy, less able to understand commands, particularly in background noise typical on the battlefield, and may permanently reduce quality of life. Currently, no FDA approved pharmacological prevention exists for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). We have documented in animal studies that administration of D-methionine (D-met) can reduce or prevent NIHL.We now need to determine if it has similar efficacy in humans.This prospective study is a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled Phase 3 clinical trial of oral D-met to reduce noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus. The goal of the study is to develop a safe, oral pharmacological agent to augment physical hearing protectors for noise exposures that exceed the protective capabilities of ear plugs and/or muffs. The study population is a cohort of Drill Sergeant (DS) instructor trainees during and 22 days after their 11 day weapons training. The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of DMet in preventing NIHL or reducing tinnitus secondary to a minimum of 500 rounds of M-16 weapons training occurring over an 11 day period.

关键词：听力损失;噪声;临床试验;耳朵保护者;接触(生理学);安慰剂

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No abstract available.

关键词：病毒;太空飞行;对策;生物标志物;唾液;采样;标本;尿;血;分析;航空航天医学

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Th e U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) supports healthy women building healthy communities. HRSA is charged with ensuring access to quality health care through a network of communitybased health centers, maternal and child health programs, and community HIV/AIDS programs throughout the States and U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, HRSAs mission includes supporting individuals pursuing careers in medicine, nursing, and many other health disciplines. HRSA fulfills these responsibilities, in part, by collecting and analyzing timely, topical information that identifies health priorities and trends that can be addressed through program interventions and capacity building. HRSA is pleased to present Womens Health USA 2012, the eleventh edition of the Womens Health USA data book.

关键词：女性健康;;社会因素;文化因素;人口;种族;少数民族;预防健康;生活质量;诊断;治疗;行为;健康状况

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