韩国自20世纪60年代开始重视钢铁业的发展，与其他国家相比，韩国钢铁业的起步较晚。尽管如此，经过50多年的发展，韩国钢铁业逐渐成熟壮大，已跻身世界钢铁生产大国行列，钢铁生产技术不断进步，成为世界钢铁强国。韩国钢铁业是在韩国工业化进程中不断发展起来的，与工业化进程相对应，韩国钢铁行业也经历了4个发展阶段：起步阶段、成长阶段、转型阶段、创新阶段

关键词：钢铁；韩国；发展经验；技术创新

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This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Self-checkout Terminals market for the period 2012-2016. To calculate the market size, this report covers revenue generated by sales of self-checkout terminals. The market size is also calculated on the basis of total number of units shipped and the total installation base.It also covers the segmentation of the Global Self-checkout Terminals market by industry. The report also presents the vendor landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the top four vendors in the Global Self-checkout Terminals market. In addition, it discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the market. It also summaries the challenges faced by the vendors and the market at large, as well as the key trends that are emerging in the market.

关键词：自助终端；自助结帐；终端市场；市场规模

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纵观欧债危机的几年，欧洲市场的萎靡不振迫使原本对欧洲市场依赖程度较高的欧洲主要车企纷纷使出浑身解数开始了在全球的布局。而他们的发展方向也不尽相同：金砖国家和其他新兴市场。然而由于这些车企的不同经济状况和决策路线，让他们在这几年的浮沉中收获了不同的结果。

关键词：欧洲；危机；车企；菲亚特；标致雪铁龙；大众

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Commercial aircraft refurbishing refers to the renovation of aircraft interiors and paints. Other activities such as converting commercial aircraft into cargo aircraft are also referred to as aircraft refurbishing. Nowadays it is of importance for airlines view better interiors as a means to differentiate themselves in a competitive market. They seek to enhance passenger experience and thus increase their revenue.The Global Commercial Aircraft Refurbishing market is expected to grow at a steady rate during the period 2012-2016. The production of commercial aircraft electrical systems has gained momentum in recent years and their demand is expected to increase in the next few years. For both jetliners and business jets, the APAC region dominated the market in 2012, followed by the EMEA region and the Americas. The overall market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.6 percent during the forecast period.

关键词：商用飞机；飞机内饰；油漆翻新；手段

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The phenomenon by which molecules do not superimpose with their mirror images is termed as chirality, and such molecules are called chiral molecules. The importance of chiral drugs has long been recognized by pharmaceutical companies as a means to mitigate side effects in patients. Many drugs that possess chiral characteristics are administered as racemates despite the fact that the optical isomers of racemic drugs can exhibit different pharmacological profiles in the human body. Chiral technologies are used to synthesize, analyze, and separate out the enantiomers from a racemic mixture. In particular, they help in the development of the enantiopure form of a drug to produce the required effect.The growth of the Global Chiral Technology market is driven by several factors. Governmental regulations that support the use of chiral technology constitute a major driver in this market. Healthcare authorities in many countries have introduced guidelines and policies that provide incentives for investments made in developing single enantiomer drugs. Further, there is a growing demand for enantiopure drugs.

关键词：手性分子；手性技术；手性药物；制药；外消旋体

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2012年日本经济首次出现了缓慢回升，而这种回升主要受到对私人环保汽车补贴和地震灾后重建公共项目投资的支撑。但是，在2012年下半年，由于日本政府对环保汽车补贴结束，日元长时间走强，欧元区主权债务危机持续发酵，新兴国家经济增速放缓以及其他因素，使得日本经济回升的动力减弱。因此，2012年日本GDP同比2011年增长2%。

关键词：日本；钢铁；生产；需求；贸易；钢材

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Automotive NVH materials are those that reduce noise (unwanted, disturbing sound), vibration (oscillations due to automobile mechanics), and harshness (the level of discomfort) in automobiles. There may be many sources of noise, such as those from the engine, road, brakes, exhaust system, cooling fans, and external wind noise, which require damping. Automotive NVH materials perform either acoustic absorption or acoustic insulation functions, thereby enhancing overall driving comfort.The Global Automotive NVH Materials market was valued at US$4.77 billion in 2012. The APAC region dominates the Global Automotive NVH Materials market, followed by the EMEA region and the Americas. Based on the type of NVH material, the Global Automotive NVH Materials market can be segmented into the following: Polyurethane, Rubber NBR, Textile Material (Cotton), Fiber Glass, Textile Material (Synthetic), Mixed Textile Fibers, Polypropylene, PVC, and Polyester Fibers. Based on the application of NVH, the Global Automotive NVH Materials market can be segmented into the following: Floor Modules, Roof Modules, Cockpit Modules, Trunk Modules, Engine Casing, Bonnet Liners, and Wheel Arches.

关键词：汽车噪音材料；NVH；；振动；平顺性

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The Commission instituted this investigation on November 30, 2010, based on a complaint filed by Apple Inc., f/k/a Apple Computer, Inc., of Cupertino, California ('Apple'). 75 Fed. Reg. 74081-82. The complaint alleges violations of section 337 ofthe Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1337 ('Section 337'), in the importation into the United States, the sale for importation, and the sale within the United States after importation of certain mobile devices and related software by reason of infringement of certain claims of U.S. Patent Nos. 7,812,828; 7,663,607 ('the 607 Patent'); and 5,379,430. The Commission's notice of investigation named Motorola, Inc. n/k/a Motorola Solutions of Schaumburg, Illinois ('Motorola, Inc.') and Motorola Mobility, Inc. of Libertyville, Illinois ('Motorola') as respondents. The Office of Unfair Import Investigation ('IA') was named as a participating party. On August 16, 2011, the presiding administrative law judge ('ALJ') issued an initial determination ('ID') granting a joint unopposed motion to terminate the investigation as to Motorola, Inc. See Order No. 10 (Aug. 16, 2011 ). The Commission determined not to review Order No. 10. See Notice (Aug. 31, 2011 ).

关键词：电子信息；软件；移动设备

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经过近两个月的涨升，9月前半月的国际钢市趋于平稳，170.3点的CRU总指数月环比上涨0.29%（涨幅收敛）。其中：亚洲指数173.5点，月环比持平（与前持平）；欧洲指数161.6点，月环比上涨0.65%（涨幅收敛）；北美指数172.7点，月环比持平（与前持平）；扁平材指数162.2点，月环比上涨0.29（涨幅收敛）；长材指数185.9点，月环比上涨0.22%（涨幅收敛）。

关键词：国际钢市；钢铁；亚洲钢材；扁平材；长材

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An LED is a semiconductor light source used for various applications such as general lighting, backlighting, and automotive lighting. LED lighting applications include residential, office, retail, hospitality, industrial, outdoor, architectural and others. LEDs are gaining acceptance in these applications because of their greater efficiency and low cost. Also, LEDs are able to address some key issues that the world faces today such as the energy crisis, resource scarcity, climate change, safety in and attractiveness of cities, productivity in offices, and an enhanced sense of health and wellbeing, as lighting consumes approximately 20 percent of all electricity in the world. LED lighting can save on an average up to 40 percent of energy.

关键词：LED；半导体光源；照明；背光源；汽车照明

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