Our work focuses on the study of a phase stabilized quadruple RZ/CS-RZ optical clock multiplier. We used a flat-top OBPF to filter 3 consecutive sidebands from the OTDM multiplexed output. The filtered output is used for the stabilization. In this presentation, we made a simulation to obtain the tolerance of center frequency offset of the filter versus its bandwidth and shape factor in order to find out the required OBPF parameters for the optical clock multiplier.

关键词：光时分复用（OTDM）；光纤通信；光时钟乘法器

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The increasing incidence of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) confers significant burden on the US civilian and military healthcare system. It is hypothesized that the risk of future obesity and T2D can be mitigated by targeted interventions during early adulthood which are based on individual biological variability (e.g., personalized medicine using genetic biomarkers).

关键词：糖尿病；遗传标记；遗传；性别

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Revealing the patterns and determinants of the spread of dengue virus (DENV) at local scales is central to understanding the epidemiology and evolution of this major human pathogen. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the envelope (E) genes of DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4 isolates (involving 97, 23, 5, and 74 newly collected sequences, respectively) sampled from school-based cohort and village-based cluster studies in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, between 2004 and 2007. With these data, we sought to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of DENV spread within a rural population where a future vaccine efficacy trial is planned. Our analysis revealed considerable genetic diversity within the study population, with multiple lineages within each serotype circulating for various lengths of time during the study period. These results suggest that DENV is frequently introduced into both semi-urban and rural areas in Kamphaeng Phet from other populations. In contrast, the persistence of viral lineages across sampling years was observed less frequently. Analysis of phylogenetic clustering indicated that DENV transmission was highly spatially and temporally focal, and that it occurred in homes rather than at school. Overall, the strength of temporal clustering suggests that seasonal bottlenecks in local DENV populations facilitate the invasion and establishment of viruses from outside of the study area, in turn reducing the extent of lineage persistence.

关键词：儿童；登革病毒；流行病学；遗传学

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The global positioning system (GPS) market is a fast changing, highly competitive market. Products change frequently as they try to provide the best customer experience for a service that is based on the need for real-time data. Two major functions of the GPS unit are to correctly report traffic jams on a drivers route and provide an accurate and timely estimated time of arrival (ETA) for the driver whether he/she is in a traffic jam or just following driving directions from a GPS unit. This study measures the accuracy of traffic jam reporting by having Personal Navigational Devices (PNDs) from TomTom and Garmin and phone apps from TomTom, INRIX, and Google in the same vehicle programmed to arrive at the same destination. We found significant differences between the units in terms of their ability to recognize an upcoming traffic jam. We also found differences in how well the devices responded to jams when driving on surface streets versus highways, and whether the jams were shorter or longer in length. We see potential for auto manufacturers to employ real-time traffic in their new vehicles, providing potential growth for real-time traffic providers through access to new vehicles as well as the aftermarket.

关键词：驾驶辅助系统；电子设备；全球定位系统；导航设备

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This project addresses the hypothesis that, in response to blast, blood-borne immune cells along with their secreted cytokines and chemokines from the periphery migrate via blood and infiltrate the CNS where they contribute to neuronal damage caused by activated microglia both in acute and chronic injury phases of blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT). To address the scientific feasibility of the hypothesis, we use state-of-the-art imaging and molecular techniques in mice with mild/moderate blast injury generated in a compressed helium-driven shock tube, throughout a one-month observation period. Progress & Results: At assigned time points after injury separate groups of animals with mild/moderate BINT are imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize potential macrophage infiltration; blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbance; reactive gliosis; or astrocyte activation. The imaging findings were validated by immunocytochemistry. The obtained data suggest that a single exposure to mild/moderate blast induces both acute and chronic glial activation, levels of cytokines/chemokines, and motor impairment.

关键词：中枢神经系统；炎症；神经细胞；神经系统；医药

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Researchers in the area of cognitive radio often investigate the utility of dynamic spectrum access as a means to make more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum. Many studies have been conducted to nd ways in which a secondary user can occupy spectrum licensed to a primary user in a manner which does not disrupt the primary user's performance. This research investigates the use of opportunistic access in a frequency hopping radio to mitigate the interference caused by other transmitters in a contentious environment such as the unlicensed 2.4 GHz region. Additionally, this work demonstrates how dynamic spectrum access techniques can be used not only to prevent interfering with other users but also improve the robustness of a communication system.

关键词：认知无线电；通信和无线电系统；动态频谱

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The safety, security, and resilience of international postal, shipping, and transportation critical infrastructure are vital to the global supply chain that enables worldwide commerce and communications. But security on an international scale continues to fail in the face of new threats. Owners and operators of critical postal, shipping, and transportation operations need new methods to identify, assess, and mitigate security risks and gaps in the most effective manner possible. The U.S. Postal Inspection Service, in collaboration with the Universal Postal Union (UPU) and the CERT (registered trademark) Division at Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute, developed a physical security assessment method to identify gaps in the security of international mail processing centers and similar shipping and transportation processing facilities. This assessment method and its associated field instrument are designed to be repeatable, cost effective, scalable, accurate, meaningful, and transparent. Since the method uses UPU standards as its reference, it may be used by the international community to evaluate the security of postal administrations around the world. The method also can be applied to other types of critical transportation services, such as metropolitan transit systems. This report describes the history, development approach, field experiences, and benefits of this method.

关键词：鉴定；基础设施；通信

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The risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) associated with on-the-job operation of motor vehicles or exposure to road traffic hazards affects millions of workers in the United States, and this risk cuts across all industries and occupations. MVCs are consistently the leading cause of worker fatalities, affecting workers who drive all types of motor vehicles during their work day . passenger cars, heavy trucks, fire apparatus, and many others. A wide variety of interventions may be applied to prevent work-related MVCs: administrative controls such as seat belt policies, distracted-driving policies, pre-trip vehicle checks, driver training, reduced travel, and fatigue management; and engineering controls such as more crashworthy vehicles, advanced driver assistance systems, or active safety systems. Questions remain as to which are the most effective interventions to protect workers from risks of work-related MVCs. Through strategic planning, research, collaborations with stakeholders, and communication of research results and prevention, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is working to ensure that recommended solutions to prevent work-related MVCs and resulting injuries are based on sound research and are clearly communicated to employers and workers. The NIOSH Center for Motor Vehicle Safety (CMVS) is the focal point for activities within the Institute that address this pressing occupational safety problem. The CMVS was designated in December 2010 to strengthen and sustain the Institute's research and prevention activities to reduce work-related motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. It is a 'virtual' Center through which researchers from across the Institute and external partners from government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, labor, and industry bring complementary expertise to identify crash risk factors, develop and evaluate workplace interventions to prevent crashes, and communicate the results to employers and other stakeholders. The NIOSH CMVS is guided by the vision that: All workers who are exposed to hazards of motor vehicle traffic while working have the highest possible levels of protection from the risk of motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. The primary purpose of the 5-year strategic plan for the NIOSH CMVS is to define the priority areas for research and prevention initiatives through 2018.

关键词：事故预防；环境暴露；风险；通信

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By measuring fundamental electronic properties of a single brain microtubule, the researchers have found that it learns approximatley 500 states by loss-less ferroelectric memory switching. They confirm that a single microtubule is a resonator with large quality factor, simultaneously operating with three distinct resonance bands, in the kHz, MHz and in the GHz frequency domain. It operates in the pico/femto-watt (1mV, 1pA) domain. They have underpinned its wireless communication and information processing potential that could unravel a hitherto unknown physical picture of the biological systems and trigger building of bio-inspired tunable multi-band resonators.

关键词：脑；电磁性能；铁电性；存储装置；通信

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Screening for cervical cancer has the potential to detect precancerous lesions and cancers in early stages, which can be effectively treated. Screening tests currently used in the United States on cervical cell samples include the Papanicolaou(Pap) test to detect cellular changes, as well as tests for high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV) genotypes. A particular challenge is the management of women with test results of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS) or of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cytology or those with a normal Pap test but a positive test for high-risk HPV genotypes, since only a fraction of these women will have a finding on colposcopically directed tissue bioposy that warrants treatment (e.g., high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)). The authors aimed to examine the role of in situ hybridization(ISH) tests, including fluorescence ISH(FISH), to detect chromosomal abnormalities or DNA from high-risk oncogenic HPV genotypes on cervical cytologic specimens to increase the clinical validity of identification of precancerous lesions or cervical cancer.

关键词：癌；宫颈细胞；筛检；预防疾病

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