This document contains 9 papers that study algorithmic development and preliminary testing of an ecodrive application; comparative analysis of car-following models for emissions estimations; comparisons of locomotive emissions during dynamometer versus rail yard engine load tests; the ratio of in-vehicle to near-vehicle exposure concentrations of airborne fine particles; and, emission benefits of commercial vehicle lane management strategies. This issue also studies environmentally conscious highway design for vertical grades; a fuel consumption prediction model for buses; discretionary passenger vehicle idling behaviors by season and trip stage; and, a statistical study of variables associated with particulate matter exposure levels at bus shelters.

关键词：大气；空气报告；交通拥挤

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This study is composed of the following sections: (1) collection and measurement of ambient fine particles during the intensive field campaign, (2) factor analysis for source apportionment, (3) identifying particle clusters using cluster analysis, and (4) studying formation mechanisms of the SOA components. We measured chemical composition of submicron particle mass (PM1) and sub 2.5 micron particle mass (PM2.5) using a set of complementary, ensemble, and single particle analysis techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to extract major components that contributed to the organic mass. Cluster analysis applied to the ensemble infrared spectra, the single-particle mass, and NEXAFS spectra separated particles into several groups, each of which has characteristics of distinct sources or atmospheric processes. By showing the consistency of particle source types (from factor analysis) and clusters, we indicate that SOA accounts for a major fraction of fine particle mass. Based on the composition and diurnal cycle of the SOA components and their relationships with potential atmospheric oxidants, formation mechanisms of the SOA components were estimated.

关键词：大气；碳氧化合物；空气污染

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The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has released a report that discusses possible human exposure and environmental emissions associated with making and using concrete manufactured with baghouse filter dust.

关键词：大气；粉尘；混凝土防护

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On April 15, 2011, NIOSH received an employee request regarding headaches, fatigue, weakness, fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, shortness of breath, coughing, chronic sinusitis, sore throat, burning eyes, and difficulty concentrating in a water-damaged building. In June 2011, NIOSH investigators conducted a site visit. The majority of employees reported building-related symptoms. We found evidence of water damage inside the building and mold inside supply air ducts of two air handlers. Vacuumed carpet dust samples collected during the site visit showed a high burden of culturable fungi and bacteria. We provided a number of recommendations for remediation including addressing causes of water damage and replacing contaminated carpet and ductwork. Building management replaced two rooftop air handling units and some ductwork. The carpet was steam cleaned. Some building occupants continued to have symptoms, and the accounting company relocated to another building.

关键词：大气；空气污染；空气质量

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The objective of this study was to determine the impact of early life episodic ozone and particulate matter (PM) exposure on parameters of immunity that affect responses to infectious disease and lung function. We investigated a cohort of 50 California National Primate Research Center (CNPRC) outdoor colony rhesus monkeys that were born within three months prior to the Trinity and Humboldt County wildfires of June/July 2008. We hypothesized that combined ozone and wildfire PM(sub 2.5) exposure during early life would result in detrimental effects on immunity and lung physiology. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a nonterminal and minimally invasive study in three-year old adolescent monkeys exposed to combined ozone and wildfire PM(sub 2.5) as infants by (1) evaluation of the peripheral blood response to microbial ligands and (2) measurement of lung mechanics. Compared with a cohort of 50 age-matched control monkeys, peripheral blood cells from exposed animals showed reduced cytokine synthesis when cultured with microbial ligands. Increased airways hyperresponsiveness and reduced lung compliance correlated with reduced peripheral blood cell cytokine synthesis in exposed female animals (less response to microbial challenge). We conclude that early life exposure to combined ozone and wildfire PM(sub 2.5) can result in immune and lung function decrements that persist with maturity. In addition, CNPRC rhesus monkeys could serve as biologic sentinels for chronic human health effects of ambient air pollution.

关键词：大气；空气质量；免疫

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关键词：大气；污染物；防止扩散

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The goal of the Sustainable Painting Operations for the Total Army (SPOTA) program is to significantly reduce the amount of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions produced in coating operations, including adhesives application and removal. Adhesives and sealants account for approximately 5% of U.S. Army-wide HAP emissions from surface coating operations. Materials conforming to Federal specification MMM-A-1617 have been recognized as one of the largest contributors. Laboratory test results previously conducted identified 3M-847 as a suitable HAP-free replacement adhesive that conforms to MMM-A-1617. This report focuses on the field trial conducted at Anniston Army Depot, AL, on a M109A6 Paladin heavy brigade combat vehicle. In particular, the hydraulic compartment door seal was bonded with HAP-free 3M-847 adhesive in place of the baseline (Clifton FA-1051) with successful results. The technicians found that processing the alternative adhesive was similar to that of the baseline, and after six months, the adhesive did not have any signs of blistering, delamination (either cohesively or adhesively), substrate failure, or deterioration of any kind. Overall, the HAP-free 3M-847 adhesive was qualified for use on MMM-A-1617 Army platforms.

关键词：大气；有害空气；大气污染物

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The goal of this project was to determine whether or not the toxicity of ultrafine (UFP; particles . 0.18 Em aerodynamic diameter) particles depends on the concentration and composition of semi-volatile and non-volatile fractions of the PM. We tested the hypothesis that adverse effects of exposure to these UFP, which are primarily emitted by combustion sources and are highly enriched in semi-volatile components, will be significantly attenuated by removal of those components from the aerosol. We used a unique mobile in vivo rodent exposure system in combination with a particle concentrator and thermal denuder to study the cardiopulmonary effects of UFP, before and after the removal of the semi-volatile components.

关键词：大气；呼吸疾病；空气污染

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The Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) is operated by RTI International (RTI), in cooperation with EPAs National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL). The APCT Center evaluates the performance of baghouse filtration products (BFPs) used primarily to control PM2.5 emissions (i.e., particles 2.5 im and smaller in aerodynamic diameter). This verification statement summarizes the test results for TTG Inc.s TG100 filtration media. The protocol is based on and describes modifications to the equipment and procedures described in Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 3926, Part 2, Testing of Filter Media for Cleanable Filters under Operational Conditions, December 1994. The VDI document is available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany. The protocol also includes requirements for quality management and QA, procedures for product selection, auditing of the test laboratories, and the test reporting format. Outlet particle concentrations from a test fabric were measured with an impactor equipped with appropriate substrates to filter and measure PM2.5 within the dust flow. Outlet particle concentrations were determined by weighing the mass increase of dust collected in each impactor filter stage and dividing by the gas volumetric flow through the impactor.

关键词：大气；测尘器；空气过滤

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In nuclear facilities, radioactive aerosols can be a source of internal dose to workers. These particles are produced through inadvertent release of radioactive material from containment barriers such as piping, hoods, bags and glove boxes or produced through operations and maintenance of items and systems containing radioactive material. Resuspension of contamination is a recurring source of airborne radioactivity once contamination is established in a facility.

关键词：大气；气溶胶；空气治理

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