关键词：大气；污染物；防止扩散

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The goal of the Sustainable Painting Operations for the Total Army (SPOTA) program is to significantly reduce the amount of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions produced in coating operations, including adhesives application and removal. Adhesives and sealants account for approximately 5% of U.S. Army-wide HAP emissions from surface coating operations. Materials conforming to Federal specification MMM-A-1617 have been recognized as one of the largest contributors. Laboratory test results previously conducted identified 3M-847 as a suitable HAP-free replacement adhesive that conforms to MMM-A-1617. This report focuses on the field trial conducted at Anniston Army Depot, AL, on a M109A6 Paladin heavy brigade combat vehicle. In particular, the hydraulic compartment door seal was bonded with HAP-free 3M-847 adhesive in place of the baseline (Clifton FA-1051) with successful results. The technicians found that processing the alternative adhesive was similar to that of the baseline, and after six months, the adhesive did not have any signs of blistering, delamination (either cohesively or adhesively), substrate failure, or deterioration of any kind. Overall, the HAP-free 3M-847 adhesive was qualified for use on MMM-A-1617 Army platforms.

关键词：大气；有害空气；大气污染物

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The goal of this project was to determine whether or not the toxicity of ultrafine (UFP; particles . 0.18 Em aerodynamic diameter) particles depends on the concentration and composition of semi-volatile and non-volatile fractions of the PM. We tested the hypothesis that adverse effects of exposure to these UFP, which are primarily emitted by combustion sources and are highly enriched in semi-volatile components, will be significantly attenuated by removal of those components from the aerosol. We used a unique mobile in vivo rodent exposure system in combination with a particle concentrator and thermal denuder to study the cardiopulmonary effects of UFP, before and after the removal of the semi-volatile components.

关键词：大气；呼吸疾病；空气污染

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The Air Pollution Control Technology Center (APCT Center) is operated by RTI International (RTI), in cooperation with EPAs National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL). The APCT Center evaluates the performance of baghouse filtration products (BFPs) used primarily to control PM2.5 emissions (i.e., particles 2.5 im and smaller in aerodynamic diameter). This verification statement summarizes the test results for TTG Inc.s TG100 filtration media. The protocol is based on and describes modifications to the equipment and procedures described in Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) 3926, Part 2, Testing of Filter Media for Cleanable Filters under Operational Conditions, December 1994. The VDI document is available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany. The protocol also includes requirements for quality management and QA, procedures for product selection, auditing of the test laboratories, and the test reporting format. Outlet particle concentrations from a test fabric were measured with an impactor equipped with appropriate substrates to filter and measure PM2.5 within the dust flow. Outlet particle concentrations were determined by weighing the mass increase of dust collected in each impactor filter stage and dividing by the gas volumetric flow through the impactor.

关键词：大气；测尘器；空气过滤

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In nuclear facilities, radioactive aerosols can be a source of internal dose to workers. These particles are produced through inadvertent release of radioactive material from containment barriers such as piping, hoods, bags and glove boxes or produced through operations and maintenance of items and systems containing radioactive material. Resuspension of contamination is a recurring source of airborne radioactivity once contamination is established in a facility.

关键词：大气；气溶胶；空气治理

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This report surveys existing law for legal issues that have arisen, or may arise in the future, on account of climate change and government responses thereto. At the threshold of many climate-change-related lawsuits are two barrierswhether the plaintiff has standing to sue and whether the claim being made presents a political question. Both barriers have forced courts to apply amorphous standards in a new and complex context.

关键词：大气；法律转变；气候变化

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In accordance with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 'Interim Guidance Update on Mobile Source Air Toxic Analysis in NEPA Documents (September 30, 2009),' transportation projects subject to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) must include an analysis of mobile source air toxics (MSATs). MSATs are air pollutants emitted by mobile sources that can cause serious health effects. Of a group of 93 MSAT compounds, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has identified seven compounds with significant contributions from mobile sources that are among the national and regional-scale cancer risk drivers from their 1999 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). These seven compounds consist of acrolein, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, diesel particulate matter plus diesel exhaust organic gases (diesel PM), formaldehyde, naphthalene, and polycyclic organic matter. FHWA classifies these seven compounds as the 'priority MSATs,' recognizing that this list is subject to change. The objectives of this project are to: (1) propose a 'screening' protocol that will facilitate the decision making process regarding which projects warrant MSAT assessment; (2) develop procedures (in consultation with regulatory agencies) for conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses of the seven priority MSATs in NYSDOT NEPA and SEQRA environmental documents; and (3) identify feasible MSAT mitigation measures for NYSDOT capital improvement projects and facilities. The work involves 10 separate tasks, including a guidance document for conducting MSAT assessments for projects that fall within NEPA/SEQRA.

关键词：大气；有毒气体；防护

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To address the air pollution diffusing problem,a visualization algorithm based on fluid diffusion physical model and volume rendering is proposed to simulate the diffusion process epically for the urgent pollution accidents.The diffusion model is based on the simplified heat diffusion equation and the basic vortex constraint.The texture mapping based volume rendering method is adapted to handle the visualization algorithm.In addition,the render process adopts the GPU to implement the real-time visualization rendering.

关键词：大气；空气污染；可视化

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The overarching purpose of this report is to present analysis of the 2008 NEI and comparison to previous years of inventory data, with a primary focus on the last full NEI - the 2005 NEI. We describe the national and regional patterns of CAP/HAP emission distributions in the 2008 NEI and which sources contribute to these releases. We do not assess nor predict the absolute risks to human health and ecosystems that may be associated with the presence of any of these specific air pollutants, but rather focus on the intensity of emission releases that may pose elevated risks. Pollutants of greatest interest include not only those that contribute to ozone and particle pollution, but also HAPs that are predicted by the 2005 NATA to be the most harmful to human health. To facilitate a more concise document, we have included just 27 pollutants in the report, which are listed in Table 1. Eight of these 27 pollutants are either CAPs or precursors to CAPs, and the remaining 19 are HAPs that were selected based on criteria that will be discussed later in this report.

关键词：大气；碳排放；空气污染

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Results from 548,507 indoor radon tests from a database compiled by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Radiation Protection, Radon Division, are evaluated in this report in an effort to determine areas where concentrations of radon are highest. Indoor radon concentrations were aggregated according to geologic unit and hydrogeologic setting for spatial analysis. Indoor radon concentrations greater than or equal to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) action level of 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) were observed for 39 percent of the test results; the highest concentration was 1,866.4 pCi/L.

关键词：大气；有毒气体；室内氡

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