The overall purpose of this project was to identify, evaluate, select, develop, and test a suite of enhancements to the GoldSim software program, in order to make it a better tool for use in support of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) projects. The GoldSim software is a foundational tool used by scientists at NETL and at other laboratories and research institutions to evaluate system=level risks of proposed CCS projects.

关键词：大气；碳排放；碳转化

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There are large amount of ammonia in coking wastewater.It is a good recycling desulfurizer.Sintering flue gas has the characteristics,such as large amount of,low SO2 concentration,great changes of operation load.Treating sintering flue gas with coking wastewater can attain the destination of treating waste with waste.This paper adopts a spray tower countercurrent device,and SO2 concentration in the entrance and exit flue gas is on line detected by an automatic flue gas detection instrument.The paper studies on the change rule of SO2 concentration in the process of treating sintering flue gas using coking wastewater,and the influence of SO2 initial concentration in sintering flue gas to the desuifurization rate.The results show that after being treated the sintering flue gas can reach the emission standard for air pollutants of iron and steel industry.

关键词：大气；焦化废水；空气治理

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Energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2012 were the lowest in the United States since 1994, at 5.3 billion metric tons of CO2 (see figure above). With the exception of 2010, emissions have declined every year since 2007.

关键词：大气；全球变暖；空气污染

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Catalytic converters (CATCONs) are required by Federal law to be installed in nearly all gasoline- and diesel-fueled onroad vehicles used in the United States. About 85 percent of the light-duty vehicles and trucks manufactured worldwide are equipped with CATCONs (Ashok Kumar, Director, A1 Specialized Services & Supplies, Inc., written commun. July 10, 2012). These vehicles include buses, cars, light- and heavy-duty trucks, and motorcycles. Many offroad vehicles, such as trail bikes and all-terrain recreational vehicles, are also equipped with CATCONs, but offroad vehicles are not addressed in this paper (Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association, 2008). Portions of the CATCONs (called monoliths) are recycled for their platinum-group metal (PGM) content and for the value of the stainless steel they contain. The cerium contained in the monoliths, however, is disposed of along with the slag produced from the recycling process. Although there is some smelter capacity in the United States to treat the monoliths in order to recover the PGMs, a great percentage of monoliths is exported to Europe and South Africa for recycling, and a lesser amount is exported to Japan. There is presently no commercial-scale capacity in place domestically to recover cerium from the monoliths. Recycling of cerium or cerium compounds from the monoliths could help ensure against possible global supply shortages by increasing the amount that is available in the supply chain as well as the number and geographic distribution of the suppliers. It could also reduce the amount of material that goes into landfills.

关键词：大气；稀有气体；空气污染

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Soils are a source of oxides of nitrogen (NO(sub x) = nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide), precursors for the production of ozone (O(sub 3)), an air pollutant in the troposphere. Production of nitric oxide (NO) occurs through soil microbial processes using ammonium from nitrogen fertilizer and manure inputs or soil mineral nitrogen (N). Emissions of NO(sub x) were measured in almond, alfalfa, tomato, wheat, and silage corn cropping systems during summer months to obtain estimates of NO(sub x) emissions that could potentially be used in regional models predicting O(sub 3) in the San Joaquin Valley. The lowest average NO(sub x) fluxes (40 g NO(sub x)-N ha(sup -1) h(sup -1)) were measured. These high NOx flux events are difficult to predict.

关键词：大气；土壤系统；种植策略

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This document contains 9 papers that study algorithmic development and preliminary testing of an ecodrive application; comparative analysis of car-following models for emissions estimations; comparisons of locomotive emissions during dynamometer versus rail yard engine load tests; the ratio of in-vehicle to near-vehicle exposure concentrations of airborne fine particles; and, emission benefits of commercial vehicle lane management strategies. This issue also studies environmentally conscious highway design for vertical grades; a fuel consumption prediction model for buses; discretionary passenger vehicle idling behaviors by season and trip stage; and, a statistical study of variables associated with particulate matter exposure levels at bus shelters.

关键词：大气；空气报告；交通拥挤

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The welding process results in the formation of high concentrations of nano-sized particles loaded with toxic metals such as hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn). Welding fumes pose serious health risks to welders because fumes can cause respiratory and neurological ailments as well as cancer. Tightened occupational standards require an exposure reduction of at least 90% that is not satisfied by current control technologies. There is also potential public concern about the environmental risks associated with the release of welding fumes into ambient air.The overall objective of this demonstration was to develop an innovative silica precursor technology that can limit the oxidation of chromium by quenching oxygen species and coating metal particles in welding fumes with a thin, amorphous silica layer. An additional objective was to assess the benefit of increased particle size distribution. The demonstration verified the feasibility and practicality of implementing silica precursor technology into DOD welding operations.Silica precursor technology was demonstrated to be an effective means of controlling metal emissions in welding fumes. The two-fold approach of limiting oxidation potential and coating metal particles with an amorphous silica layer goes beyond previous control technologies by addressing all the toxic metals,regardless of their oxidation state. This project demonstrated, through both a laboratory study and field tests, the benefits of adding silica precursor during the welding process.

关键词：大气；硅添加剂；有害空气

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This is the final report for the closure of the research tasks on the project that have performed during the entire reporting period in the University of Illinois. It contains a summary of the achievements and details of key results as well as the future plan for this project to be continued in the University of Maryland.

关键词：大气；空气质量；天气预报

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This study is composed of the following sections: (1) collection and measurement of ambient fine particles during the intensive field campaign, (2) factor analysis for source apportionment, (3) identifying particle clusters using cluster analysis, and (4) studying formation mechanisms of the SOA components. We measured chemical composition of submicron particle mass (PM1) and sub 2.5 micron particle mass (PM2.5) using a set of complementary, ensemble, and single particle analysis techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge absorption fine structure (STXM-NEXAFS). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to extract major components that contributed to the organic mass. Cluster analysis applied to the ensemble infrared spectra, the single-particle mass, and NEXAFS spectra separated particles into several groups, each of which has characteristics of distinct sources or atmospheric processes. By showing the consistency of particle source types (from factor analysis) and clusters, we indicate that SOA accounts for a major fraction of fine particle mass. Based on the composition and diurnal cycle of the SOA components and their relationships with potential atmospheric oxidants, formation mechanisms of the SOA components were estimated.

关键词：大气；碳氧化合物；空气污染

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The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has released a report that discusses possible human exposure and environmental emissions associated with making and using concrete manufactured with baghouse filter dust.

关键词：大气；粉尘；混凝土防护

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