One of the primary objectives of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Programs second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) is to obtain reliable measurements of radiation (solar, surface, and atmospheric), cloud, and atmospheric properties from ocean-going vessels. To ensure that these climatic measurements are representative and accurate, many AMF2 instrument systems are designed to collect data in a zenith orientation. A pillar of the AMF2 strategy in this effort is the use of a stable platform. The purpose of the platform is to (1) mitigate vessel motion for instruments that require a truly vertical orientation and keep them pointed in the zenith direction and (2) allow for accurate positioning for viewing or shading of the sensors from direct sunlight. Of the numerous ARM instruments that require a zenith orientation, perhaps the most important are the vertically pointing cloud radars, for which vertical motion is a critical parameter.

关键词：大气；气体检测；气候模型

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Increases in the abundance of methane (CH4) in the Earth's atmosphere are responsible for significant radiative forcing of climate change (Forster et al., 2007; Wuebbles and Hayhoe, 2002). Since 1750, a 2.5 fold increase in atmospheric CH4 contributed 0.5 W/m2 to direct radiative forcing and an additional 0.2 W/m2 indirectly through changes in atmospheric chemistry. Next to water and carbon dioxide (CO2), methane is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the troposphere. Additionally, CH4 is significantly more effective as a greenhouse gas on a per molecule basis than is CO2, and increasing atmospheric CH4 has been second only to CO2 in radiative forcing (Forster et al., 2007). The chemical reactivity of CH4 is important to both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Along with carbon monoxide, methane helps control the amount of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the troposphere where oxidation of CH4 by OH leads to the formation of formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and ozone.

关键词：大气；甲烷；空气排放

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This project, CRC E-90-2b, was conducted by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in order to assess the impact of E10+ blends on MIL illumination and exhaust emissions compliance. The original objectives of this study were to: (1) Document the change in fuel trim and other engine parameters as vehicles operate on a range of ethanol fuels under real-world conditions. (2) Determine if the MIL would illuminate and/or diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) would be set on potentially sensitive vehicles when exposed to E15 and/or E20. (3) Determine if a vehicle with an illuminated MIL induced by E15 or E20 still meets its emission category target, using a standard cold-start FTP-75 test.

关键词：大气；燃料气体；废气排放

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We summarize results from comparative simulations of hybrid electric vehicles with either stoichiometric gasoline or diesel engines. Our simulations utilize previously published models of transient engine-out emissions and models of aftertreatment devices.

关键词：大气；废气排放；节能减排

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Climate projections are essential in order to extend the case-study impacts and vulnerability assessments to encompass future climate change. Thus climate-model based indicators for the future (to 2050 and for the A1B emissions scenario) are presented for the climate and atmosphere theme (including indices of temperature and precipitation extreme events), together with biogeophysical and socioeconomic indicators encompassing the other case-study themes. For the latter, the specific examples presented here include peri-urban fires, air pollution, human health risks, energy demand, alien marine species and tourism (attractiveness and socio-economic consequences). The primary source of information about future climate is the set of global and regional model simulations performed as part of CIRCE. These have the main novel characteristic of incorporating a realistic representation of the Mediterranean Sea including coupling between sea and atmosphere. These projections are inevitably subject to uncertainties relating to unpredictability, model structural uncertainty and value uncertainty. These uncertainties are addressed by taking a multi-model approach, but problems remain, for example, due to a systematic cold bias in the CIRCE models. In the context of the case-study integrated assessments, there are also uncertainties 'downstream' of climate modeling and the construction of climate change projections - largely relating to the modeling of impacts. In addition, there are uncertainties associated with all socio-economic projections used in the case studies - such as population projections. Thus there are uncertainties inherent to all stages of the integrated assessments and it is important to consider all these aspects in the context of adaptation decision making.

关键词：大气；空气污染；未来气候

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have tremendous potential for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and mitigating global climate change. These technologies encourage economic growth and have manageable influence on energy use. Deploying these technologies on a commercial scale will require expanding the workforce, including geologists, engineers, scientists and technicians, trained in CCS specialties.

关键词：大气；温室气体；气体保护

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Energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2012 were the lowest in the United States since 1994, at 5.3 billion metric tons of CO2 (see figure above). With the exception of 2010, emissions have declined every year since 2007.

关键词：大气；温室气体；环境保护

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This paper is a deliverable on a technical support task for the FHWA Office of Operations. The objective of the task is to develop white papers on emerging and current topics of interest to the Office. Topics for white papers were primarily identified and prioritized based on internal listening sessions with Office of Operations personnel. This white paper presents various effects of climate change, and how those effects will impact transportation system management and operations. Also presented are presents various options for agencies to assess the vulnerabilities of transportation systems and proposed changes to make transportation operations more resilient to climate change.

关键词：大气；气候变化；空气治理

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There are large amount of ammonia in coking wastewater.It is a good recycling desulfurizer.Sintering flue gas has the characteristics,such as large amount of,low SO2 concentration,great changes of operation load.Treating sintering flue gas with coking wastewater can attain the destination of treating waste with waste.This paper adopts a spray tower countercurrent device,and SO2 concentration in the entrance and exit flue gas is on line detected by an automatic flue gas detection instrument.The paper studies on the change rule of SO2 concentration in the process of treating sintering flue gas using coking wastewater,and the influence of SO2 initial concentration in sintering flue gas to the desuifurization rate.The results show that after being treated the sintering flue gas can reach the emission standard for air pollutants of iron and steel industry.

关键词：大气；焦化废水；大气污染

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On April 15, 2011, NIOSH received an employee request regarding headaches, fatigue, weakness, fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, shortness of breath, coughing, chronic sinusitis, sore throat, burning eyes, and difficulty concentrating in a water-damaged building. In June 2011, NIOSH investigators conducted a site visit. The majority of employees reported building-related symptoms. We found evidence of water damage inside the building and mold inside supply air ducts of two air handlers. Vacuumed carpet dust samples collected during the site visit showed a high burden of culturable fungi and bacteria. We provided a number of recommendations for remediation including addressing causes of water damage and replacing contaminated carpet and ductwork. Building management replaced two rooftop air handling units and some ductwork. The carpet was steam cleaned. Some building occupants continued to have symptoms, and the accounting company relocated to another building.

关键词：大气；室内空气；空气质量

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