No abstract available.

关键词：燃料电池；项目管理；煤炭；排放；能源消耗

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LGFCS is developing an integrated planar (IP) SOFC technology for mega-watt scale power generation including the potential for use in highly efficient, economically competitive central generation power plant facilities fuel by coal synthesis gas. This Department of Energy Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program is aimed at achieving further cell and stack technical advancements and assessing the readiness of the LGFCS SOFC stack technology to be scaled to larger-scale demonstrations in subsequent phases. LGFCS is currently in Phase 2 of the program with the Phase 1 test carrying over for completion during Phase 2.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池；煤；能源转换；燃料

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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. has completed a comprehensive, multiyear project to demonstrate a hydrogen infrastructure in California. The specific primary objective of the project was to demonstrate a model of a real-world retail hydrogen infrastructure and acquire sufficient data within the project to assess the feasibility of achieving the nation's hydrogen infrastructure goals. The project helped to advance hydrogen station technology, including the vehicle-to-station fueling interface, through consumer experiences and feedback. By encompassing a variety of fuel cell vehicles, customer profiles and fueling experiences, this project was able to obtain a complete portrait of real market needs. The project also opened its stations to other qualified vehicle providers at the appropriate time to promote widespread use and gain even broader public understanding of a hydrogen infrastructure. The project engaged major energy companies to provide a fueling experience similar to traditional gasoline station sites to foster public acceptance of hydrogen. Work over the course of the project was focused in multiple areas. With respect to the equipment needed, technical design specifications (including both safety and operational considerations) were written, reviewed, and finalized. After finalizing individual equipment designs, complete station designs were started including process flow diagrams and systems safety reviews. Material quotes were obtained, and in some cases, depending on the project status and the lead time, equipment was placed on order and fabrication began.

关键词：替代燃料；加利福尼亚州；燃料电池

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This project demonstrated an application of photovoltaic (PV) technology to power cathodic protection (CP) systems for water tanks at Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA), HI. An impressed-current CP system was installed on each of three water tanks in isolated locations, where connecting with the local power grid would be expensive. The demonstrated system, powered only by PV arrays with a battery backup, uses ceramic anodes and includes a satellite-based remote-monitoring capability. This system provides uniform and reliable cathodic protection in the water tanks interior below the water line. Data collected by the remote monitoring system can be loaded into a spreadsheet, and performance can then be analyzed on a pass-fail basis. The installed PV- powered CP systems operate as designed and conform to NACE SP 0169 criteria. It is expected that little maintenance will be needed to keep the system operating properly. Required maintenance will include periodic cleaning solar arrays and monthly recording of electrical output using a digital meter. Once every year, a qualified CP specialist should survey the system to ensure proper CP levels.

关键词：光伏电池；遥控监视；电池阴极

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GaAs Laser Power Converters (LPC) were simulated in 2D and 3D under 10 W/cm2 illumination of 810 nm light using Synopsys Sentaurus software revealing significant dependence of effciency on grid metal finger spacings, S, and finger dimensions. Efficiency results were comparable to an experimental efficiency of 53.4% cited in the literature for an LPC under 43 W/cm2 of 810 nm laser light. 2D devices were simulated with S of 20 - 1000 micrometer revealing an efficiency drop, Delta(n), with increasing spacings. The efficiency drop was reduced from Delta(n) of 39.43% at S = 740 micrometer to Delta(n) of 14.38% at S = 1000 micrometer when modifying the window layer to include a highly doped lateral conduction layer (LCL). In the 3D simulations, resistive losses in the grid metal fingers were reduced by thickening the grid metal from 3 micrometer x 0.5 micrometer with an efficiency of 26% at an effective length of 0.5 cm up to 10 micrometer x 5 micrometer, achieving an efficiency of 44.89% at an effective finger length of 1 cm. An LCL and thicker fingers are shown to be critical for designing large area LPCs to convert laser light to electrical power for devices such as small RPAs and tactical sensors.

关键词：光伏反应；太阳能电池；电阻损失

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Abundant for most of the year in most parts of the world, solar energy is the ultimate renewable zero-emission energy source. Combined with improved means of energy storage, it has the potential to supply a quickly increasing fraction of our energy needs. However, its widespread use for electricity generation requires a significant further decrease in cost, which will be difficult to meet with conventional crystalline silicon technology. Allowing for the use of inexpensive, high-speed, large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing processes, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have a significant chance of quickly becoming an essential factor in electricity generation1, but additional improvements in performance and life-time are needed before large-scale implementation. OPV devices, also called polymer-solar cells (PSC) or polymer-fullerene composite solar cells, are lightweight and can be flexible, opening the possibility for a range of new applications including largearea pliable devices. While power-conversion efficiencies of up to 7.9% have been reported at a laboratory scale, practical maximum efficiencies between 20 and 25% appear to be reasonable. Nanoscale morphology has been identified as an important factor in the optimization of OPV. In addition to tuning the optical and electronic properties of the materials used for light harvesting, carrier generation, transport, and collection, control of the nanoscale morphology of the active layer can alone provide a clear path to power conversion efficiencies of >10%. Tandem devices can certainly dramatically improve overall efficiencies but taking into account their complexity, additional gains can and must be made in single-layer devices.

关键词：复合材料；电；储能；有机材料;；光伏电池

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In the five years of this MURI program, we have made major advances in several areas, including: (1) power production optimization; (2) MFC design; (3) identification of the genes coding for the proteins involved with electricity production by Shewanella oneidensis (MR-1); (4) construction of conceptual models of extracellular electron transport (EET); (5) characterization and quantification of the per cell rates of EET to solid substrates; (6) characterization of a previously undescribed behavioral adaptation of microbes to charged surfaces called electrokinesis (and the impact of surface charge on bacterial attachment and biofilm formation); (7) the use of Vertical Scanning Interferometry for cell and biofilm analyses; (8) the design and implementation of a new type of (Deep Ultraviolet Light) microscope for non-invasive studies of microbes on surfaces; (9) detailed biophysical studies of the mechanism of electron transfer in conductive appendages called bacterial nanowires, produced by MR-1 and other Shewanella strains and species; (10) characterization of the selective advantages of Shewanella cells in late stationary phase, and the relationship of this metabolic state to the long term function of MFC systems; and, (11) characterization of the activities of microbes acting as catalysts on the cathodes of MFC systems. During this time, we published over *** reviewed papers, presented over 100 talks at scientific meetings, and collaborated with colleagues from around the world.

关键词：电力；微生物；纳米线；生物物理学；电子传递

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The project focus on developing biscrolled carbon nanotube yarns and textiles for supercapacitor/battery and fuel cell electrode applications was chosen because of the urgent need for improved technologies for electrical energy storage and fuel-cell-based electrical energy generation. Project provided advances are in electrode electrochemical performance, mechanical robustness, and mechanical flexibility that can enable (1) giant power and energy densities; (2) multifunctional applicability where electrode strength and flexibility is utilized, like for energy storage in structural vehicle panels and electronic textiles; (2) deployability for both ultra-large and very small devices; (3) elimination of noble metal catalysts from fuel cell electrodes; and (4) the ability to harvest and store electrical energy in the human body. Woven textiles that are high performance biofuel cells and redox supercapacitors resulted from program work. While project focus was on fuel cell and energy storage electrodes based on biscrolled yarns, collaborative US- Korea project research has also provided advances in fabrication, process upscale, and in experimental and theoretical understanding of structure and properties that are important for all applications of biscrolled yarns. Major project advances in the energy area have also been made on artificial muscles and associated textiles that can be electrically, chemically, or photonically driven, as well as super-tough yarns that can absorb about 6 times higher energy before rupture than spider silk. Some of these artificial muscles can harvest energy from the environment to provide powerful large-stroke actuation. These project advances could not have been made without the realized highly effective partnership of the laboratories of the US and Korea PI's.

关键词：碳纳米管；碳丝；能源；面料；电化学

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This guide helps users get started with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory Fuel Cell Power (FCPower) Model Version 2, which is a Microsoft Excel workbook that analyzes the technical and economic aspects of high-temperature fuel cell-based distributed energy systems with the aim of providing consistent, transparent, comparable results. This type of energy system would provide onsite-generated heat and electricity to large end users such as hospitals and office complexes. The hydrogen produced could be used for fueling vehicles or stored for later conversion to electricity.

关键词：燃料电池；个案研究；电力；热;；制氢

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Non-volatile, non-flammable and polymerizable ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes for high-performance dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been synthesized and characterized. These ILs serve as promising electrolytes for advanced dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We have characterized the thermo- physical and electrochemical properties of these ILs for DSSC-specific applications. Computer simulations have been performed to understand the structural properties of the new electrolytes/nano-composite systems.

关键词：太阳能电池；固体电解质；计算机模拟；聚合

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