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461.酯交换缩聚法合成高摩尔质量聚醚型聚氨酯的合成工艺与表征
[橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-04-08]
采用酯交换缩聚法,以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)和1,6-六亚甲基二氨基甲酸甲酯(HDU)为原料,二丁基氧化锡为催化剂制备热塑性聚醚型聚氨酯(EU)弹性体。用红外光谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、热重分析(TGA)、力学性能测试等表征合成聚合物的性能。通过一系列单因素实验探讨了原料配比、预聚温度、缩聚温度等对EU弹性体特性黏数的影响规律。最佳制备工艺为:预聚阶段,分段变温80℃(0.5 h)→90℃(0.5 h)→100℃(0.5 h),压力为2.6 k Pa(1 h)→1.4 k Pa(0.5 h);缩聚阶段:温度为185℃,压力为0.2 k Pa,时间为1.75 h。制得特性黏数为1.553 d L/g、数均摩尔质量为87 079 g/mol的EU弹性体。其邵尓A硬度为68,拉伸强度为4.393 MPa,断裂伸长率为1 325.96%。
关键词：酯交换缩聚；热塑型弹性体；1,6-六亚甲基二氨基甲酸甲酯；特性黏数
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462.长链乙烯酯改性聚乙烯醇热塑加工性能的研究
[橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-04-08]
通过山梨醇和甘油复配增塑改善长链乙烯酯改性聚乙烯醇(PVA)的热塑加工性能,采用差示扫描量热仪、高压毛细管流变仪、万能试验机等研究了复配增塑剂与改性PVA的相互作用及其对改性PVA热性能、流变性能、力学性能、溶胀性能等的影响。结果表明,山梨醇和甘油复配增塑剂中的羟基可与改性PVA分子链中的羟基形成氢键,减小了PVA分子链间氢键相互作用,使体系黏度减小,分子链的活动性增强,降低了改性PVA熔点,改善了PVA熔体流动性,有利于实现PVA的热塑加工。复配增塑剂增加了PVA的自由体积,使PVA分子链的运动更加容易,提高了材料的柔韧性及断裂伸长率,减少PVA对水的吸收。当增塑剂含量为10%时,复配增塑剂不易析出,可同时改善改性PVA的流变性并使材料保持优异的力学性能。
关键词：聚乙烯醇；多羟基化合物；增塑；熔融加工
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463.聚己内酰胺铸膜液的制备及性能
[橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-04-08]
为了避免常规聚酰胺铸膜液的酸性腐蚀,基于热致相分离法(TIPS),优选出N-乙基邻对甲苯磺酰胺(N-E-O/PTSA)作为聚酰胺铸膜液的稀释剂。热失重分析表明,铸膜液具有较好的热稳定性,分解温度远高于制膜温度200℃。此外,差示扫描量热法显示,稀释剂降低了聚酰胺6(PA6)的熔融温度,符合Flory聚合物-稀释剂体系熔点降低方程。为构筑TIPS法制膜的多重微孔结构,铸膜液中添加了微米Si O2,从而提高了PA6/N-E-O/PTSA体系的结晶温度,而对熔融温度的影响较小。
关键词：聚己内酰胺；稀释剂；铸膜液；热致相分离
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464.高组分纳米碳酸钙填充改性聚丙烯的研究
[橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-04-08]
采用双螺杆挤出机制备了高组分纳米碳酸钙(nano-Ca CO3)填充聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。研究了不同nano-Ca CO3用量对复合材料力学性能、收缩率、密度及比强度的影响。通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了复合材料的热行为,且利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了材料冲击断面的微观形貌。研究表明,高填充份数的nano-Ca CO3对复合材料的拉伸强度略有负面影响,而对冲击强度和弯曲模量均有明显的帮助。还可明显地降低PP的收缩率,提高比弯曲模量。另外,高填充份数复合材料的密度低于理论值。DSC结果表明,PP由单纯的α晶型向α和β晶型共同存在转变。SEM分析表明,绝大部分nano-Ca CO3是以纳米级分散于PP中;复合材料内部还存在少量微米级和大量纳米级气泡,这些气泡对材料的韧性、比强度以及收缩率都有积极的影响。总体说来,高份数nano-Ca CO3填充PP有研究和生产的价值。
关键词：聚丙烯；纳米碳酸钙；高组分填充；微-纳级气泡
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465.耐热尼龙制备方法的研究进展
[橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-04-07]
针对尼龙耐热性不足的缺点,对不同种类尼龙的耐热性进行了分析和比较,总结了几种提升尼龙耐热性能的方法,主要包括化学法和物理法,从合成、共混、增强、填充、扩链等几个方面详细阐述了耐热尼龙的制备方法及研究进展。
关键词：尼龙；耐热性；化学法；物理法
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466.乙烯-丙烯酸锌离聚体的制备及红外光谱研究
[橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-04-07]
采用熔融中和的方法,制备了乙烯-丙烯酸(EAA)锌离聚体。通过红外光谱对其进行了结构表征,利用理论公式计算了离聚体的中和度,并探讨了熔融温度及反应时间对中和度的影响。结果表明,在适当的范围内,升高熔融温度和延长反应时间有利于中和反应的进行,提高了EAA锌离聚体的中和度。
关键词：熔融中和；乙烯-丙烯酸；锌离聚体；红外光谱
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467.全球医药包装市场报告（2015-2019年）
[橡胶和塑料制品业,医药制造业,造纸和纸制品业] [2015-04-07]
Pharmaceutical packaging products are used to protect complex pharmaceuticals so that they remain unscathed in the event of contamination through external toxins and microbial activity, and to extend their shelf life. Drug manufacturers are bound by international compliance jurisdictions enforced by regulatory authorities, which ensure packaging is a critical element in the drug delivery process to the final point of purchase. Various raw materials such as plastic resins, glass, paper and paperboard, aluminum, and other metals find application in the production of pharmaceutical packaging. These packages are available in a broad range of products such as bottles, parenteral containers, blister packs, caps, closures, pre-fillable syringes, and tubes. The key end-users of these packaging products are pharmaceutical manufacturers.
关键词：药物；包装产品；保护；复合药物；外部毒素；微生物；延长；保质期
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468.美国肉类、家禽、海鲜包装市场报告（2015-2019年）
[橡胶和塑料制品业,造纸和纸制品业,农副食品加工业] [2015-03-28]
Meat, poultry, and seafood are rich in nutrients such as proteins, vitamins B and E, iron, zinc, and magnesium. These foods are available in the market in fresh, frozen, ready-to-eat, and processed forms. Proper packaging of these foods is essential to preserve their quality, texture, and taste. Suppliers of these foods opt for packaging vendors that can provide appealing packaging solutions in terms of quality, material, color, and services. Enhanced quality and visibility of products for consumers lead to increased sales.
关键词：肉类；家禽；海鲜；营养物质；加工形式；维持；质量；质地；品味
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469.全球奢侈品包装市场报告（2015-2019年）
[造纸和纸制品业,橡胶和塑料制品业] [2015-03-28]
Luxury packaging refers to packaging that uses premium quality material and design, and that customers perceive as a high value product. It is used in industries such as F&B, Healthcare and Medical, Cosmetics, Household Products, and other FMCG products. Some of the consumer packaging products are cups, cans, sachets, bottles, blisters, bags, vials, jars, and tubs, which are made as per the convenience and requirement of the customer. Vendors in the Global Luxury Packaging market are continuously innovating to offer products that provide safety to content along with aesthetic appeal.
关键词：豪华包装；优质材料；设计；高价值；产品
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470.美国高度可见包装市场报告（2015-2019年）
[交通运输、仓储和邮政业,橡胶和塑料制品业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2015-03-24]
Highly visible packaging materials are used to pack various retail, pharmaceutical, and food products. They are rapidly gaining importance in the US as they allow customers to see the quality and quantity of the packaged item, easily identify the brand, and differentiate products. They are child-resistant and tamper-proof, thus protecting the enclosed product from damage. Blister packaging, clamshell packaging, skin packaging, windowed packaging, tubs, cups, and trays are some types of highly visible packaging.
关键词：高度可见；包装材料；包装；零售；制药；食品产品；产品；不受损坏
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