报告从行业事件分析、政策环境、市场环境、旅游交通、国际环境等相关行业数据方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：政策环境；市场环境；旅游交通；国际环境

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报告从行业事件分析、政策环境、市场环境、旅游交通、国际环境等相关行业数据方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：政策环境；市场环境；旅游交通；国际环境

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关键词：汽车；交通拥堵；决策；

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In this project, we developed an innovative methodology to solve a long-standing traffic engineering problem, i.e. measuring traffic speed using data from single inductive loop detectors. Traditionally, traffic speeds are estimated using aggregated detector data with a manually calibrated effective vehicle length. The calibration effort (usually through running probe vehicles), however, is time consuming and costly. Instead of using aggregated data, in this project, our data collection system records every vehicle-detector actuation 'event' so that for each vehicle we can identify the time gap and the detector occupation time. With such high-resolution 'event-based' data, we devised a method to differentiate regular cars with longer vehicles. The proposed method is based on the observation that longer vehicles will have longer detector occupation time. Therefore, we can identify longer vehicles by detecting the changes of occupation time in a vehicle platoon. The 'event-based' detector data can be obtained through the implementation of the SMART-Signal (Systematic Monitoring of Arterial Road Traffic Signals) system, which was developed by the principal investigator and his students in the last five years. The method is tested using the data from Trunk Highway 55, which is a high-speed arterial corridor controlled by coordinated traffic signals. The result shows that the proposed method can correctly identify most of the vehicles passing by inductive loop detectors. The identification of long vehicles will improve the estimation of effective vehicle length on roads. Consequently, speed estimation from the inductive loop detector is improved.

关键词：汽车；高速公路；速度

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关键词：汽车；情绪调节；交通安全

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Driver response to congestion and road pricing is an essential element to forecasting the future use of roadway systems and estimating the effect that pricing has on demand and route choice. Though many studies have been conducted in the past and revenue studies are routinely done for proposed toll roads, there is still a need for improving the behavioral basis for forecast. The objective of this project was to develop mathematical descriptions of the full range of highway user behavioral responses to congestion, travel time reliability, and pricing. These descriptions were achieved by mining existing data sets. The report estimates a series of nine utility equations, progressively adding variables of interest. This research explores the effect on demand and route choice of demographic characteristics, car occupancy, value of travel time, value of travel time reliability, situational variability, and an observed toll aversion bias. The primary audience for this research is professionals who develop travel demand and traffic forecasts. Policy makers may also have an interest in the behavioral findings that could have policy implications. Equations for commercial drivers were not developed since their routes are normally determined, in part, by contracts and company policies.

关键词：汽车；公路拥堵；旅游

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Research has shown that an effective way to reduce impaired driving is to increase the perceived risk of being stopped and arrested by law enforcement if driving while impaired. One of the most successful strategies for doing this is the coupling of intense and highly visible enforcement with publicity about the enforcement campaign. The term high-visibility enforcement (HVE) is used to describe law enforcement efforts aimed at deterring unsafe driving behavior by increasing the public's perception of being caught, arrested, and prosecuted. Two common enforcement strategies of HVE operations are sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols. Checkpoints concentrate law enforcement officers at the roadside to identify impaired drivers passing through. Saturation patrols involve an increased number of officers patrolling a limited area where impaired driving is prevalent. Both use highly visible elements (such as a concentration of law enforcement officers, bright lights, signs, and marked patrol cars) to heighten their visual impact. Enforcement efforts must be supported by an equal amount of publicity and communications.

关键词：汽车；事故减少；交通安全

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Increased use of public transportation is an effective means of decreasing roadway congestion and its associated externalities. To increase the use of public transportation under economic and resource constraints, it is important to improve the understanding of public transportation supply characteristics and demand behavior and make use of this understanding to improve planning and operations functions. Analyzing and interpreting in situ public transportation conditions that are readily accessible and observable can greatly improve this understanding. Project investigators previously worked with The Ohio State University (OSU) Campus Area Bus Service (CABS) and a private technology provider to equip the CABS network with state-of-the-art sensing, communications, and passenger information systems that are presently used to provide realtime bus arrival information to CABS users and ridership and location information to CABS operators and planners.

关键词：公共汽车；校园区巴士服务；通信；交通网络

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The report presents the results of a survey of safety culture in three Norwegian haulier companies, which are selected based on an assumption that they have good safety culture. The study supports the assertion that the companies have good safety cultures. This especially applies to Company A, which has the highest safety culture score of the three companies, and which also have a higher safety culture score than we have found in other transport sectors. This is probably due to the fact that Company A transports dangerous goods, which is a line of transport which has particular framework conditions favoring safety. The accident involvement of the drivers were in accordance with the companies score on the safety culture index. Analyzing the data on the three companies work on safety, we have identified the following common characteristics of good safety work in haulier companies: 1) Follow up of drivers speed, seat belt use and driving style, 2) Managers and employees safety commitment, 3) Predictability, 4) Organization of transport assignments, 5) Pay system, 6) Control of drivers compliance with regulations related to drive and rest, 7) Safety training/education, 8) Arenas for communication about safety, 9) Reporting culture and systems, and 10) Safety management system: a) risk analyses, b) procedures, c) training.

关键词：公路安全；公路运输；公路使用；通信

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From 2008 to 2010, an estimated 194,000 highway vehicle fires occurred in the United States each year resulting in an annual average of approximately 300 deaths, 1,250 injuries and $1.1 billion in property loss. These highway vehicle fires accounted for 14 percent of fires responded to by fire departments across the nation. Highway vehicle fires include fires in passenger road vehicles (e.g., cars, motorcycles and off-road recreational vehicles), freight road transport vehicles (e.g., dump trucks, fire apparatus and tank trucks), and agricultural and construction vehicles. This topical report addresses the characteristics of highway vehicle fires reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) from 2008 to 2010.

关键词：汽车；高速公路；交通安全

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