In order to better utilize available capacity in high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, states are permitted to allow certain qualifying non-HOVs to use HOV lanes. In general, states may allow motorcycles, public transportation vehicles, high-occupancy toll (HOT) vehicles, and low-emission and energy-efficient vehicles to use HOV lanes. For any or all of these types of vehicles, the states must establish programs addressing candidacy, enrollment, and management of the lanes. In the case of tolled vehicles, dynamic pricing is the primary control that limits the potential to cause congestion in the lanes. In the case of the energy-efficient vehicles, the programs typically include decals, licenses, license plates, or stickers, that serve to identify and, in some cases, cap the number of allowed to use the lanes vehicles.

关键词：汽车；交通工具；管理通道

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This report presents results from the 2012 National Occupanst Protection Use Survey (NOPUS) Controlled Inter-section Study. NOPUS is the only nationwide probability-based occupant restraint use survey. The National Center for Statistics and Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conducts this survey annually. The 2012 NOPUS found that male seat belt use increased significantly (up to 84 percent in 2012 from 81 percent in 2011) and that female seat belt use increased significantly (up to 88 percent in 2012 from 86 percent in 2011). Seat belt use among occupants age 25-69 years old increased significantly (up to 87 percent in 2012 from 84 percent in 2011). Restraint use for children in vans and SUVs decreased significantly down to 94 percent in 2012 from 97 percent in 2011. Seat belt use in rear seats stood at 75 percent in 2012.

关键词：汽车；限制使用；交通安全

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On March 5, 2013, a 39-year old male volunteer fire fighter was struck and killed by an enclosed car hauler with trailer (used to haul luxury vehicles) on an interstate highway. The fire department was operating at the scene of a multiple vehicle crash when a fire department pumper, a fire department utility vehicle, and an Illinois State Police vehicle were struck by a car hauler. The fire department was preparing to clear the original incident when this incident occurred. Utility 105 (fire department utility vehicle) was initially positioned approximately 1/2 - 3/4 mile from the incident blocking the left lane of the interstate. The Incident Commander radioed Utility 105 to move behind the state police vehicle. The car hauler was approaching the scene in the left lane and failed to stop for the initial incident. The victim was leaning against the rear passenger seat on the driver's side of Utility 105 with the door open. Members of the fire department were in the median of the interstate and witnessed the car hauler approaching the crash scene at a rate of speed that was excessive for road conditions. Realizing the car hauler was not going to be able to stop, members yelled for everyone to get out of the way of the car hauler. The victim moved away from the utility vehicle. He was struck by the car hauler and pushed onto the shoulder of the interstate. After striking the victim and the utility vehicle, the car hauler struck the state police vehicle and then struck Engine 102. After the crash scene was secured, the Incident Commander initiated a personnel accountability report. Utility 105 was located in the median between a trailer from the initial crash and the car hauler. The victim was located by a state trooper and was unresponsive. Despite receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support (BLS) at the scene, and advanced life support (ALS) in the ambulance and in the local hospital's emergency department, the victim died.

关键词：汽车；志愿消防员；连环碰撞

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Several types of elastomeric energy absorbers were evaluated for use in a Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 4 (TL-4) energy-absorbing, urban roadside/median barrier. Twelve dynamic bogie tests were conducted on 60- and 80-durometer EPDM rubber cylinders. Five dynamic bogie tests were conducted on marine shear fenders. One dynamic test was conducted on a 27-ft (8.2-m) long installation of 2-in. (51-mm) thick EPDM rubber cylinders spaced at 8 ft (2.4 m) on center and attached to the front face of a 32-in. (813-mm) tall, concrete New Jersey-shaped barrier with a continuous 6-in. x 12-in. (152-mm x 305-mm) steel tubular front rail. One dynamic test was conducted on a 28-ft (8.5-m) long installation of 11.-in. (295-mm) tall marine shear fender posts spaced at 8 ft (2.4 m) on center with a 6.-in. (171-mm) tall, upper timber rail. Both barrier concepts showed promising results. Several static tests were conducted on the marine shear fenders at hot, cold, and room temperatures to evaluate its effect on energy-absorber behavior.

关键词：汽车；冲撞测试；高速公路

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Transit administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which information already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and practice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviating the problem.This study describes how transit agencies are reducing energy use and is based on survey responses from 51 diverse agencies across the country, a literature review of a variety of academic and professional publications, and case examples of four agencies.

关键词：节能；交通部门；节能策略

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From the Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifter current data, a detailed and complete track of strong ocean currents in the north-western Pacific is provided using the bin average method. The focus of this study is on the Kuroshio, the strong western boundary current of the North Pacific flowing northward along the east coast of Taiwan and then turning eastward off southern Japan. With its average flow speed of about 2 knots, the Kuroshio can significantly increase the ship s speed for a super-slow-steaming container ship travelling at speeds of 12 knots between the ports of Southeast Asia and Japan. By properly utilizing knowledge of strong ocean currents to follow the Kuroshio on the northbound runs and avoid it on the return trip, considerable fuel can be saved and the transit time can be reduced. In the future, the detailed Kuroshio saving-energy route could be built into electronic chart systems for all navigators and shipping routers.

关键词：节能；海流；航线；轮船；速度

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关键词：养生旅游；经济总量；增长

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Car rental services operate through a network of pickup/drop-off points and offer a range of vehicles that customers can pay to drive as and when required. Car rental is an alternative to car ownership. In this system, vehicles are owned by a firm or organization that rents them to users for short periods by the day or through monthly or annual plans. Over the past three decades, car rental has grown from a basic service provided by popular organizations to a widely recognized component of the urban transport industry. It is also quickly developing into a globalized industry that can provide many transportation, land use, environmental, and social benefits.

关键词：汽车租赁服务；拾音/落客点；网络操作；支付所需；替代车；所有权

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报告包括电子商务方面的重要观点、政策与环境、网购平台、行业应用、电商物流、电商金融等研究。

关键词：政策环境；网购平台；电商物流；电商金融

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报告从行业事件分析、政策环境、经济环境、产业链环境、国际环境、储运、快递、第三方物流、物流金融以及相关行业数据方面对物流行业进行了分析评论。

关键词：物流；储运；快递；第三方物流；物流金融；竞争环境；行业数据

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