The Netherlands is well known for its large share of bicycle use and for its relatively compact cities; these conditions suggest that transport poverty may be less of a problem than in other developed countries. This paper explores the role of the bicycle in the avoidance of transport poverty on the basis of two exploratory studies. The first study focused on low-income households and showed that the bicycle did curb transport poverty but was of limited importance as a means of access to the labor market. The second study explored the ability of households without cars to maintain social networks. The study findings underlined the importance of the bicycle but also showed that the bicycle was used selectively by elderly residents and was of limited relevance to households with a social network that extended beyond urban borders.

关键词：汽车；自行车；角色

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

Mobility attributes such as driver's license, car ownership, reserved parking at work, and transit pass have a very strong impact on travel choices, in particular, mode choice. Mobility attributes are not acquired for a particular trip but rather are driven by the entire set of individual travel needs (commuting being the most basic of them). Some mobility attributes, for example, car ownership and transit pass, are substitutable; others, for example, car ownership and reserved parking at work, are complementary. For this reason, mobility attributes have to be analyzed and modeled jointly. The purpose of the current research is to analyze a wide set of mobility attributes and incorporate them in an operational activity-based model as a set of midterm choices. The approach suggested in this paper is based on an iterative application of three interlinked choice submodels: (a) joint choice of person driver's license, usual driver role (priority in using one of the household cars), car type choice, reserved or reimbursed parking at work, and transit pass; (b) household car ownership choice by type; and (c) intrahousehold car allocation by type. Model estimation results confirmed strong cross-attribute effects as well as revealed many impacts of person, household, and travel accessibility variables. In particular, historical and cultural differences between three population sectors in Jerusalem-secular Jewish, Orthodox Jewish, and Arab-manifested themselves quite strongly. Application of these models for future scenarios is discussed.

关键词：汽车；设计风格；个性化

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

报告从行业事件分析、政策环境、市场环境、旅游交通、国际环境等相关行业数据方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：政策环境；市场环境；旅游交通；国际环境

查看摘要 索取原文[18页]

关键词：汽车；管理维护；交通成本

查看摘要 索取原文[205页]

A comprehensive benefit-cost assessment of motorcycle use is offered, along with the characteristics, behaviors, and attitudes of motorcycle riders. U.S. motorcyclists are at high risk of crashing, with rates 24 times higher than those of passenger car and light-duty truck drivers per mile traveled. However, motorcycles require only one-quarter the parking space of a car and can reduce congestion by doubling network capacity (in vehicles per hour). Most motorcycles have high fuel economy, but low seating capacities render them little or no better than most cars and some light-duty trucks (assuming average vehicle occupancies) when compared in terms of fuel consumption per rider (or vehicle occupant) mile traveled. Motorcycles emit fewer grams of many polluting emissions but more volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide than most cars if a catalytic converter is not installed. Noise impacts are a serious issue, with an inconsistent patchwork of regulations applied across states and localities. Results of a survey of current and former U.S. motorcyclists indicate that most respondents ride motorcycles for recreational purposes and ride in groups, but about one-half also ride for more mandatory (less discretionary) purposes and about 40% also ride solo. Fewer than one-third of respondents have formal motorcycle training, and helmet use is lowest among current riders who do not own a motorcycle. Engine size appears to be rising, and respondents support policies that combat operating a vehicle under the influence (e.g., ignition interlock devices for offenders). Regression models illuminate key factors and marginal effects on motorcycle riding and ownership rates.

关键词：汽车；评估成本；效益

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

Analysys 易观智库将电子商务B2B 业务定义为：以电子商务B2B 平台以及大数据为基础，通过整合产业链上下游资源完成企业与企业之间的营销关系的电子商务活动，包括信息与交易服务、商业搜索引擎服务、金融服务、云端服务等。

关键词：电子商务；B2B；市场分析

查看摘要 索取原文[68页]

An application of the basic results of deterministic network calculus theory to road traffic flow theory is presented. Network calculus is a theory based on min-plus algebra. This calculus uses algebraic techniques to compute performance bounds in communication networks, such as maximum end-to-end delays and backlogs. The objective of this paper is to investigate the application of those techniques for determining performance bounds on road networks, such as upper bounds for travel times. A traffic model is proposed for cars moving in a single-lane ring road without passing. The model is compatible with network calculus theory and permits derivation of an upper bound of the travel time of cars on the road. An approach for extending the model to calculate upper bounds for the travel times of cars on paths passing through intersections in a whole network is also proposed.

关键词：汽车；交通网络；微积分

查看摘要 索取原文[11页]

2014 年中国网上零售B2C 市场规模达1.37 万亿元，同比增长65.3%。随着多年的发展，网上零售B2C 市场无论从技术层面，运营层面，还是市场层面，都达到一个相当的水平，中国网上零售B2C 市场已进入成熟阶段。

关键词：网上零售；B2C；市场分析

查看摘要 索取原文[72页]

A 37-year-old diesel mechanic employed by a railroad transportation company died when his loaded utility truck collided with the rear of a semi-trailer on a four-lane interstate highway. The mechanic was driving at highway speed during daylight hours when he failed to stop in time and struck the semi, which was moving slowly in traffic that had backed up due to a car fire two miles downstream. There was severe damage to the mechanic's truck, with underside of the cab and intrusion up to the right rear tires of the trailer ahead. The force of the collision caused a chain reaction, pushing the struck tractor-trailer forward into a second tractor-trailer that had stopped in backed up traffic. Fire and rescue responders arrived from the nearby town located four miles away. The mechanic, who was wearing a safety belt, suffered blunt force trauma as a result of the collision and was pronounced deceased at the scene. He was extricated by mechanical means from the truck cab and was found holding a cell phone. Law enforcement officers' examination of the phone activity revealed the mechanic had exchanged several voice/text messages prior to the crash and was initiating a voice/text message application at the time of the collision. The driver's failure to notice the tractor trailer ahead and stop in time was attributed to texting. Drivers of the other two vehicles were not severely injured.

关键词：汽车；交通安全；机动车事故

查看摘要 索取原文[17页]

Improvised explosive devices and car bombs have long been identified as threats to U.S. Army personnel deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan. They have gained considerable attention and notoriety, even infamy, among our troops, who have had to learn the appropriate responses and countermeasures to contend with the fielding of these systems against them. Far less recognized is the fact that a similar threat embodied in car bombs has emerged much closer to our homeland within Mexico. Since mid-2010, cartel car bombings have taken place in a country on our southern border and have been targeted against both the forces of opposing cartels and those belonging to Mexican military and law enforcement agencies. With the election of the new presidential Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) administration in July 2012, these car bombings have ceased altogether after rapidly escalating in their levels of employment. Whether this was a response to the expected shift in countercartel policies from the National Action Party (PAN) to the PRI administration that began in December 2012, simply a strategic pause of some sort, or an outcome of another casual factor is unknown. What is important is that the use of car bombs in Mexico by the cartels has the potential to threaten U.S. agents, facilities, and interests in that nation and could also conceivably spread to our border cities though this would appear to be a very unlikely possibility based on the use of car bomb trends and analysis presented in this Paper. The authors of this Letort Paper, Dr. Robert Bunker and John Sullivan, draw upon their wealth of knowledge and expertise pertaining to the Mexican cartels and organized crime and, interestingly, is derived from their long-standing counterterrorism backgrounds with regard to suicide bombing and active aggressor response.

关键词：汽车；汽车爆炸；交通安全

查看摘要 索取原文[72页]