In assessing the potential health risks associated with exposure to pesticides, attention has historically focused on single pathways of exposure (e.g., from pesticide residues in food, water, or residential/nonoccupational uses) for individual chemicals, and not on the potential for individuals to be exposed to multiple pesticides by all pathways concurrently. In 1996, the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) imposed upon the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) the requirement to consider potential human health risks from all pathways of dietary and nondietary exposures to more than one pesticide acting through a common mechanism of toxicity. This document provides guidance to OPP scientists for evaluating and estimating the potential human risks associated with such multichemical and multipathway exposures to pesticides. This process is referred to as cumulative risk assessment.

关键词：农药；毒性；风险评估；剂量反应；累积风险

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This document contains up-to-date chemical information, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after registration of a significantly changed use pattern.

关键词：农药；杀虫剂

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The purpose of this report is to provide documentation of the completed corrective action and to provide data confirming the corrective action. The corrective action was performed in accordance with the approved Corrective Action Plan (CAP) (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 1999) and consisted of clean closure by excavation and disposal. The Area 15 Quonset Hut 15-11 was formerly used for storage of farm supplies including pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. The Area 23 Quonset Hut 800 was formerly used to clean pesticide and herbicide equipment. Steam-cleaning rinsate and sink drainage occasionally overflowed a sump into adjoining drainage ditches. One ditch flows south and is referred to as the quonset hut ditch. The other ditch flows southeast and is referred to as the inner drainage ditch. The Area 23 Skid Huts were formerly used for storing and mixing pesticide and herbicide solutions. Excess solutions were released directly to the ground near the skid huts. The skid huts were moved to a nearby location prior to the site characterization performed in 1998 and reported in the Corrective Action Decision Document (CADD) (DOE, 1998). The vicinity and site plans of the Area 23 sites are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.

关键词：农药；排水；化肥；除草剂；废物处置

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2013年前三季度，我国农业生产在政策的有力保障下，保持持续向好的势头，特别是在夏粮、早稻增产的基础上，全年粮食有望实现再次增产。但随着市场需求的变化，农业生产结构也出现局部调整，粮食生产结构中，受近年来比较效益较高的激励，玉米的增产势头更加旺盛，其占粮食总量的比重可能进一步提高。而棉花、油脂油料在全球丰产、需求增长乏力和比较优势较差的趋势下，生产动力不足，种植面积连年下降。

关键词：农业；农产品；供求分析；进出口

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以山核桃为研究对象,探讨不同温度和初始含水量对山核桃贮藏过程中油脂氧化、类脂褐素(LFLP)积累、多酚含量及醇提物还原力的影响.结果表明:类脂褐素的积累量随着贮藏时间的延长呈上升趋势,多酚含量及醇提物还原力呈下降趋势.在40℃贮藏时,含水量高(12％和16％)的山核桃原料类脂褐素积累速度略低于含水量低(4％和6％)的山核桃；但贮藏温度为25℃时,含水量高的类脂褐素积累速度高于含水量低的山核桃.油脂初级氧化产物和二级氧化产物与贮藏温度和初始含水量呈现复杂关系,40℃贮藏时,含水量高(12％和16％)的山核桃原料油脂氧化程度低于含水量低(4％和6％)的,但贮藏温度为25℃时,含水量高的油脂氧化程度高于含水量低的.多酚含量随含水量的增加和温度的升高损失速度加快,醇提物的还原力变化规律与此类似.总的来说,较低的贮藏温度和低初始含水量能有效地抑制类脂褐素的生成,延缓山核桃的衰老进程.

关键词：山核桃;类脂褐素;温度;初始含水量;氧化;walnut (Carya cathayensis);Lipofuscin-like pigments;temperature;initial moisture content;oxidation

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关键词：美国白蛾;Bt与灭幼脲混剂;毒力测定;增效作用;Hyphantria cunea;mixture of Bt and chlorbenzuron;toxicity test;synergized action

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利用新一代高通量测序技术平台Illumina Solexa对泡桐进行转录组测序和数据de novo组装,并对得到的unigene进行功能注释、分类及代谢通路分析.结果表明,N50值为2 278 bp、平均长度为1 410 bp的泡桐unigene共有188 019条,将其与NCBI的Nr和Swiss-Prot数据库比对后发现,分别有120 808条和85 880条unigene与其他物种的基因具有同源性.利用COG数据库可将有关的41 914条泡桐unigene分成25类,KEGG数据库分析发现共有43 553个unigene参与215种代谢通路.找到与木质素合成相关的泡桐unigene.

关键词：泡桐;转录组;Illumina高通量测序;从头组装;Paulownia;transcriptome;Illumina sequencing;de novo assembly

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APETALA2(AP2)基因在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用.利用RT-PCR和RACE方法,从毛竹中克隆到1个AP2同源基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为PeAP2.序列分析表明:PeAP2基因全长1 750 bp,其中,5′端非编码区106bp,3′端非编码区174 bp,开放阅读框1 470 bp,编码1个489 aa的蛋白,该蛋白含有2个AP2结构域,属于AP2/EREBP家族的AP2亚家族.PeAP2蛋白与来自其它单子叶植物的AP2蛋白均有着较高同源性,其中,与二穗短柄草的AP2蛋白同源性最高,达74.85％.实时定量PCR分析显示:PeAP2基因在毛竹的根、茎、叶、鞘和节5种器官中均有表达,其中,叶片中的表达丰度最高,鞘中次之,而在根、茎、节中的表达丰度接近,均较低.利用hiTAIL-PCR方法克隆获得了PeAP2上游启动子区序列1 359 bp,分析显示其含有光、激素等多种信号应答相关的作用元件.

关键词：毛竹;AP2基因;组织特异表达;启动子

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从6年生冬枣根际土壤中筛选出1株根际促生细菌(PGPR),以发酵鸡粪(DC)为吸附载体制成PGPR生物肥(PF),利用传统的氯仿熏蒸法和现代的T-RFLP技术,从冬枣根际土壤中可培养微生物的数量、细菌群落多样性和微生物量碳的动态变化3个方面,分析PF、普通生物肥料(NF)和DC对冬枣根际土壤微生物特征的影响.结果表明:同NF处理相比,PF处理中的细菌数量和微生物总量显著增加,真菌数量显著减少,但放线菌数量差异不显著.PF处理根际土壤具有较高的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数.基于T-RFLP的主成分分析结果表明:PF处理的细菌群落结构成为1个独立的群,NF,DC和CK处理构成1个相对独立的群.此外,同其他试验处理相比,PF可相对稳定地提供冬枣生长周期内的微生物生物量碳.PGPR生物肥料的施用可提高可培养微生物数量,提高根际土壤中微生物多样性,有效改善冬枣根际土壤的微生态环境.

关键词：植物根际促生细菌;鸡粪;冬枣;根际;细菌多样性;微生物生物量碳;plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR);chicken manure;Ziziphus jujuba;rhizosphere;bacterial diversity;microbial carbon

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利用蔗糖辅助培育胭脂虫,设置10个不同水平蔗糖浓度,每个水平10组重复,研究不同浓度蔗糖对胭脂虫的助食作用.结果表明:蔗糖对胭脂虫有明显助食作用,适当浓度的蔗糖有助于提高胭脂虫的产量.蔗糖浓度47.5 g·L-1至475.0 g·L-1可提高上虫量;在285.0 g·L-1浓度下,胭脂虫的存活率较高,种群数量变动较小;47.5 g·L-1至380.0 g·L-1均有利于提高雌成虫数量,并明显提高胭脂虫单片茎片的鲜质量和干质量;不同浓度的蔗糖均可提高胭脂虫雌成虫的体积及怀卵量,285.0g·L-1浓度的蔗糖辅助培育胭脂虫效果最明显.

关键词：胭脂虫;蔗糖;仙人掌;助食作用;cochineal (Dactylopius coccus);sucrose;cactus;feeding effect

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