A radiator fan is a device that sucks the atmospheric air through radiator panels and expels it into the atmosphere to cool the engine coolant after discharge from the engine. The radiator fan maintains an acceptable operating temperature by transferring heat from the engine to the atmospheric air. Hence, the radiator fan prevents the wear and tear of engine components. It also ensures that the automotive engine operates at an optimal temperature for better fuel efficiency.

Automotive fasteners are components used in automobiles and vehicle assembly, which include bolts, screws, nuts, washers, rivets, concrete anchors, inserts, threaded rods, and retaining rings that are used exclusively for automotive manufacturing.

Automotive powertrain testing is performed for testing various powertrain attributes, such as powertrain endurance, powertrain performance, powertrain verification, noise, vibrations, and harshness (NVH), emission development, and drivability assessment. A test bench or bed is used for testing complete powertrains. It can also be used for testing single components such as internal combustion engine (ICE), electric and wheel hub motors, gearboxes, clutches, axles, shafts, electric motor, and batteries.

The lead-acid battery is a rechargeable battery technology available in the market, which is used in numerous applications such as motive, automotive, and stationary applications. These batteries are utilized in automotive applications majorly due to their cranking property, which provides power within a short span.

The automotive front-end module is a self-contained assembly located at the front of a vehicle, integrating various components such as the radiator, cooling fan, headlights, grille, and bumper into a single unit. It serves as a structural support and aesthetic element while also housing critical components for vehicle operation and safety.

7月，新能源汽车产销分别完成98.4万辆和99.1万辆，同比分别增长22.3%和27%。1-7月，新能源汽车产销分别完成591.4万辆和593.4万辆同比分别增长28.8%和31.1%。

Robotaxi 产业链分析。Robotaxi（无人驾驶出租车）产业链上游是各类自动驾驶软硬件供应商，中游包括自动驾驶方案供应商和整车企业，自动驾驶方案供应商将传感器、域控制器、软件算法等软硬件融合后形成完整的 L4 级别自动驾驶解决方案并部署至整车上，产业链下游为无人驾驶出行服务平台。

2024 年 7 月 13 日至 2024 年 8 月 12 日，沪深 300 指 数涨跌幅为-4.33%。本月申万一级行业涨跌幅中位数为-2.76%，汽车行业（申万一级）涨跌幅为-8.38%，低于沪深 300 指数 4.05pcts，处于板 块涨跌幅排名第29位。申万汽车二级行业所有板块均出现不同程度下跌，商用车、摩托车及其他、汽车零部件、汽车服务和乘用车板块跌 幅分别为-1.46%、-2.33%、-8.06%、-10.78%及-11.21%。估值方面，本月（截至 8 月 12 日）申万汽车板块静态市盈率为 21.03 倍，沪深 300 指数静态市盈率为 11.29 倍。纵向来看，汽车行业市盈率自 2 月初见 底后逐步回升，3 月底后一直保持震荡下跌态势。

全球汽车市场整体规模约9000万辆，2023年中/美/欧汽车市场合计占比为69%，为全球核心汽车市场。汽车出口国可分为两类：1) 汽车工业发达地区，如中国、日本、韩国、德国等地，2023年产销差分别为498万、388万、251万、143万辆，主要去向为汽车出口；2）成本较低地区，如墨西哥、西班牙、泰国等地，2023年产销差分别为242万、126万、106万辆，主要去向同样为出口。汽车进口国同样分为两类：1) 经济发达地区，如美国、英国、意大利等，汽车工业实力与汽车消费能力均较强。比较典型的如美国，汽车产业外溢至周边成本较低的墨西哥地区，实现了区域汽车工业内部循环；2）汽车工业薄弱地区，如澳大利亚、俄罗斯等地。澳大利亚与俄罗斯自身汽车工业较为薄弱，依托汽车进口来满足本国的汽车消费需求。