A ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has gained popularity for its potential to promote weight loss and offer various health benefits. The key principle of a ketogenic diet is to significantly reduce carbohydrate intake while increasing fat consumption. This shift in macronutrient ratios induces a metabolic state called ketosis, where the body primarily uses fat for energy instead of carbohydrates.

A diagnostic electrocardiograph (ECG) is a medical instrument that processes the electrical impulses sent by two or more ECG electrodes and creates a visual representation of the electrical signals the heart produces.

Holter monitors are battery-operated portable devices that measure and record the heart’s activity continuously for 24 to 48 hours or a month or longer depending on the patient’s condition.

Hematology analyzers and reagents are used for the quantification of blood and blood components such as white blood cell count, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and neutrophil count to check for abnormalities. They count and characterize blood cells for disease detection and monitoring.

Interventional spine procedures are used to treat painful spinal conditions. Interventional treatment options are often more efficient and effective than traditional therapy for spinal (back and neck) pain. The new techniques are excellent minimally invasive alternatives to conventional surgery. Lumbar disc disease, sacroiliac joint, and degenerative lumbar facet joint pain account for nearly 70% of the cases of lower back pain. Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low back pain and deterioration of bone tissue, which makes the bone fragile and susceptible to fracture. Osteoporosis is also the primary cause of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) in senior citizens. Vertebral collapse is caused by many complications, particularly osteoporosis, metastatic disease, and hemangiomas. VCFs cause impaired mobility, severe acute and chronic pain, and reduced quality of life. Herniated disc diseases, at times, lead to poor appetite and cardiopulmonary function and increase the risk of mortality. Degenerative disc disease is more common in the older population, and around 25% of post-menopausal women suffer from it during their lifetime. 70%-80% of vertebral fractures occur near the thoracolumbar region. Worldwide, an estimated 750,000 people have been affected by VCFs annually. The prevalence of low back pain increases with age, and an estimated 40% of women aged above 80 are affected.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid test kits are used for the detection of HIV antibodies present in the human body. The test is usually performed with the help of a small sample of blood through a fingerstick or syringe needle or a sample of oral fluid. The HIV rapid tests provide results within a few minutes, thereby eliminating the need for a longer waiting period.

A human vaccine is a biological preparation that is used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide active acquired immunity against a specific disease. Vaccines are made of small quantities of weak or dead pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and toxins, that can cause diseases. There are two types of vaccines, prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic vaccines. Prophylactic vaccines are given to prevent future infections in individuals and involve the introduction of antigens in the body. The aim of prophylactic vaccines is to create antibodies in an individual body for those antigens and make the individual immune to the associated disease. Therapeutic vaccines are designed to aid an individual body to fight against the associated diseases the individual already has and can be used for several different health threats, including cancer and HIV infection. The difference between therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines is that therapeutic vaccines trigger the body immune system to attack the antigen and the cancerous cells that produce it, which helps to strengthen an existing immune response in an individual body containing the infection.

The term gastroparesis refers to stomach paralysis. It is a functional condition that affects the muscles and nerves in the stomach. It leads to weaker and slower stomach muscular contractions, which are necessary for the digestion and passage of digested food through the intestines. As a result, food stays in the stomach for a long time. Thus, gastroparesis drugs, which include metoclopramide (Reglan), erythromycin, and others, are used to treat gastroparesis.

The companion animal specialty drugs market refers to the market for drugs used to treat diseases in companion animals such as dogs and cats. The global companion animal specialty drugs market encompasses antibiotics, feed additives, parasiticides, and vaccines for the treatment of pet animal diseases.

Autoimmune diseases can affect many types of tissues and nearly every major organ in the body. Autoimmune diseases mainly occur when the immune system fails to recognize the body's tissues and cells and alternatively mounts an immune response against these tissues, considering them as foreign bodies. Autoimmune conditions can affect different parts of the body and adversely affect the normal growth and development of organs depending on the type of autoimmune disorder that a person has. This may lead to different types of symptoms, such as pain, tiredness, rashes, nausea, headaches, and others. Autoimmune disease diagnostics are used to diagnose autoimmune disorders.