关键词：医药；政策环境；市场行情；厂商动态；科技研发；国际资讯；行业数据；分析评论

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The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a major pathway activated by exposure to emotional stressors. We have demonstrated SNS hard-wiring in the form of sympathetic nerve fibers in 4T1 mammary tumors, a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. We established that 4T1 tumor cells do not express functional - or -adrenergic receptors (AR), the receptors activated by norepinephrine (NE), the neurotransmitter of the SNS. Yet, manipulation of sympathetic neurotransmission in vivo by chemical ablation of sympathetic nerves to deplete NE decreased F480+ tumor associated macrophages and reduced tumor weight. Furthermore, chronic treatment with desipramine (DMI), an antidepressant that elevates synaptic NE, increased 4T1 tumor growth, but not metastasis. DMI-induced tumor growth was not associated with increased tumor angiogenesis, and pro-tumor cytokines VEGF, IL-6, RANTES, and MIP-2 were reduced by DMI. To further dissect the tumor response to NE, mice were treated with selective AR agonists. The 2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) increased tumor growth and metastasis in the absence of alterations in VEGF, IL-6, RANTES, and MIP-2. Treatment with the -AR agonists isoproterenol and salmeterol did not significantly alter tumor growth/metastasis. In DMI- and DEX-treated mice, tumor collagen microstructure was uniquely altered in 4T1 tumors, suggesting a novel stromal-mediated mechanism whereby elevated NE and stimulation of AR may increase tumor growth. These results suggest that NE-induced tumor growth is mediated by 2-AR activation, but other AR pathways activated by elevated synaptic NE may modulate the tumor-promoting effect of 2-AR activation. Understanding how AR pathways regulate breast tumor pathogenesis will lead to new therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.

关键词：治疗 交感神经

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The broad objective of the proposed study is to empirically evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention, titled, Post Admission Cognitive Therapy (PACT), for military personnel psychiatrically hospitalized due to a suicide-related event with either a recent or a lifetime suicide attempt. The primary outcomes will be incidence of repeat suicide attempt(s) and number of days until a repeat suicide attempt. Secondary outcomes include psychiatric symptoms, repeat number of psychiatric hospitalization(s), hope for one s future, and acceptability of treatment. A multi-site, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be the research design. A total of 218 individuals will be recruited from the inpatient psychiatric and traumatic brain injury (TBI) units at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and Fort Belvoir Community Hospital. Participants will be randomized into one of two conditions: (1) PACT + Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) or (2) EUC. The PACT+EUC condition will consist of six 60-90 minute individual cognitive behavioral therapy sessions administered over preferably three days during the inpatient stay and up to four telephone booster sessions. The EUC condition will consist of usual psychiatric care patients receive during their hospitalization, the assessment services provided by MA and/or PhD level clinicians, and case management services provided for one year by Bachelor s level research personnel. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12-month post discharge by blind PhD level clinicians.

关键词：治疗；试验；认知疗法；精神病症状

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The current proposal aims to explore the relationship between brain function and connectivity in selective pathways/circuits, neuropsychological functioning, and cognitive rehabilitation response in Veterans with both Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Toward this end, we propose a randomized clinical trial involving a cognitive rehabilitation intervention that targets improved executive functioning, with the participation of N=100 Veterans diagnosed with both TBI and PTSD (n=50 experimental/n=50 control). We have just begun recruitment three months ago and enrolled n=15 dyads of veterans and family members at this point.

关键词：康复计划；脑损伤；康复治疗

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The rationale for using neurofeedback to affect changes in children on the autism spectrum is rooted in several assumptions. First, regions comprising the human mirror neuron system or MNS exhibit abnormal connections in ASD children. Second, the 8- 13 Hz mu rhythm oscillations over sensorimotor cortex are functionally linked to the MNS network. Third, modifying these oscillation dynamics via neurofeedback training induces neural plasticity. Finally, normalization of abnormal connectivity is reflected in positive behavioral, cognitive, and electrophysiological changes. Our results show behavioral improvements following training in all the subcategories of the ATEC, a validated measure of the efficacy of an intervention. Similarly, we report improvement in the three subscales in adaptive measures, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scale. Finally, social interactions during daily living were assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale and improvements noted with training. BOLD activation results indicate that both TD and ASD groups have activity in IFG, IPL, and STS areas during imitation and in the observation of hand movement, but these activations are significantly greater for the TD group. Furthermore, our results are consistent with anatomical findings that show regions in the ASD brain exhibiting overconnectivity and underconnectivity compared to the TD brain. Finally, we show that NFT produces increases in MNS activity and reductions in abnormal functional connectivities between MNS areas compared to the TD brain.

关键词：自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)；康复训练

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The overall aim is to conduct preliminary evaluations of new rehabilitation strategies and new functional assessment methods for homonymous hemianopia (HH) and spatial neglect (SN), disabling visual and cognitive perception conditions that commonly occur as a result of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Both HH and SN prevent detection of objects on the affected side, resulting in unsafe walking and driving. Using realistic tasks in virtual environments representative of everyday mobility challenges we are evaluating a novel optical device expansion prism (EP) glasses - combined with a new computerized perceptual-motor training regimen in helping people with HH and SN detect and avoid obstacles on the affected side. In the first year we have made good progress in developing the training software and preparing the functional assessments, and have started recruitment. Specifically, we (1) obtained all necessary IRB approvals; (2) made excellent progress in developing and testing the training program and training task suite; (3) made excellent progress in preparing the functional assessments in the driving simulator and virtual mall that will be used to evaluate performance without and without the prism glasses before and after training; (4) evaluated mobile eye tracking technologies that will be used for an outdoor walking task; (5) began recruitment; (6) collected pre-pilot data from participants who did not meet the study criteria, and (7) enrolled 3 participants for the main pilot study. Results from the first participant who has completed the protocol are promising showing significantly improved detection rates and collision judgments with the EP-glasses after training.

关键词：康复计划；视觉；知觉；脑损伤

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本刊以七大战略性新兴产业——节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车为研究重点，关注国家高层和各部委的动态，剖析国家和地方的新兴产业政策。本刊设有政策导读、领导讲话、七大战略性新兴产业本周国内外行业动态和重点企业新闻、投资专题四大板块，能够实时监测新兴产业和重点企业动态，把握新兴产业发展方向，研究发展重点，寻求发展机遇。

关键词：节能环保；新一代信息技术；生物；高端装备制造；新能源；新材料；新能源汽车

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The proposed research will examine the suitability of ERG as a target for prostate cancer therapy by using novel modular inducible transgenic mice. Prostate cancer is a large health problem in the United States. Recent efforts to classify distinct molecular subtypes of prostate cancer have shown that >50of prostate cancers possess a chromosomal translocation involving the ERG oncogene. I hypothesized that ERG can serve as an effective molecular therapeutic target for prostate tumors. I planned to show this with novel autochthonous prostate tumor mouse models. During this second year of support we have not been able to been able to adhere to the timeline of our Statement of Work - Task No. 2 - Determine if ERG cooperates with AKT1 for prostate tumorigenesis (months 14-34). We were previously successful at completing the tasks for Task No. 1 - Generate and characterize an inducible ERG prostate specific mouse model (months 1-17), but our characterization of ERG expression from our prostate inducible mouse model did not demonstrate any detectable prostate specific ERG expression at the protein level. Data from another project using the ARR2PB-tTA line has lead us to believe that the level of expression from the ARR2PB-tTA line is low and perhaps insufficient for the in vivo experiments described in our proposal. We are now planning to pursue the Hoxb13-rtTA mouse line allows for much more robust expression of tetO target genes in the mouse 

关键词：治疗；列腺癌肿瘤

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Brain-controlled prostheses have the potential to improve the quality of life of a large number of paralyzed persons by allowing them to control prosthetic limbs simply by thought.An essential requirement for natural use of such neural prostheses is that the user should be provided with somatosensory feedback from the artificial limb. This can be achieved by electrically stimulating small populations of neurons in the cortex; a process known as cortical microstimulation. This dissertation describes the development of novel technologies for experimental neuroscience and their use to explore the neural and perceptual effects of cortical microstimulation in rodents.

关键词：假肢；人脑控制；神经假体

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This report is based on research conducted by the Minnesota Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-2007-10064-I). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its contents; the findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. Therefore, no statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The information in this report is intended to help health care decisionmakers--patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among othersmake well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. Anyone who makes decisions concerning the provision of clinical care should consider this report in the same way as any medical reference and in conjunction with all other pertinent information, i.e., in the context of available resources and circumstances presented by individual patients.

关键词：康复计划 成年

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