Chronic inflammation is rapidly becoming recognized as a key contributor to numerous pathologies. Despite detailed investigations, understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating inflammation is incomplete. Knowledge of such critical regulatory processes and informative indicators of chronic inflammation is necessary for efficacious therapeutic interventions and diagnostic support to clinicians. We used a computational modeling approach to elucidate the critical factors responsible for chronic inflammation and to identify robust molecular indicators of chronic inflammatory conditions. Our kinetic model successfully captured experimentally observed cell and cytokine dynamics for both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Using sensitivity analysis, we identified macrophage influx and efflux rate modulation as the strongest inducing factor of chronic inflammation for a wide range of scenarios. Moreover, our model predicted that, among all major inflammatory mediators, IL-6, TGF-b, and PDGF may generally be considered the most sensitive and robust indicators of chronic inflammation, which is supported by existing, but limited, experimental evidence.

关键词：中性粒细胞凋亡；慢性伤口发炎；细胞因子

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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, tooth decay affects children in the United States more than any other chronic infectious disease. Untreated tooth decay causes pain and infections that may lead to other serious problems. Dental care visits are important to prevent and treat tooth decay and other dental problems in children. This Statistical Brief presents estimates based on the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-HC) on the advice given by a doctor or other health provider to the parents of children for their dental checkups and frequency of childrens actual visits to the dentist. All differences between estimates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level or better.

关键词：儿童；慢性疾病；牙齿保健；牙科

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Trauma, hemorrhage and burns leads to hypovolemia and hypovolemic shock. Fluid therapy restores normalcy in physiological endpoints, such as cardiac output and blood pressure, but can result in secondary insults, such as excessive edema, if not titrated well. Fluid therapy is labor intensive and requires significant attention by caregivers, who can be overwhelmed in a mass casualty situation. Closed loop fluid resuscitation systems hold great potential to optimize fluid therapy with fewer secondary insults, respond more quickly to changes in patient condition, automate caregiver tasks, reduce variability in care due to fatigue or inexperience and be a force multiplier in mass casualty situations. In this project we have iteratively developed a closed loop fluid delivery system (CLFDS) and conducted a human hemorrhage model clinical study. Clinical data indicates the CLFDS maintains target blood pressure with less fluid and extravascular fluid than the standard of care approach.

关键词：血压；伯恩斯（伤害）；临床医学；闭环系统；决策支持系统

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The Thermo Scientific Toxic Vapor Analyzer (TVA)-1000B is an intrinsically safe direct reading portable monitor that uses either a flame ionization detector, a photoionization detector, or both simultaneously to provide real-time measurements of organic and some inorganic vapor concentrations in air. This field guide provides operators and incident commanders the basic concepts for effective use of the TVA-1000B, including principles of operation and supplies required.

关键词：生物工程；生物环境；浓度（组成）；环境工程

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During the fieldwork for the assessment of Wounded Warrior programs, we identified challenges pertaining to medication management practices. This follow-on assessment focused on DoD and Service policies and programs intended to manage the risks associated with Wounded Warriors who were prescribed multiple medications during the course of their treatment and recovery. Specifically, we examined the policies related to reducing adverse drug events such as unanticipated side effects, decreased drug effectiveness, accidental overdose, and death. We also examined the procedures related to disposing of medications that are expired or no longer needed for treatment. Misuse of unneeded medications can result in similar adverse drug events. We found that the DoD did not have overarching policies and procedures to ensure consistent medication management and reconciliation practices in the Wounded Warrior population. The Services have adopted policies at various command levels; however, there is wide variance across the Services in the policies and standards for medication reconciliation. Additionally, Wounded Warriors did not have a reliable, safe, accessible, and accountable method to dispose of medications that were no longer needed for treatment. As a result, Wounded Warriors may be at risk for overdose or misuse of unneeded medications that could result in unnecessary hospitalization and death.

关键词：国防部；药品；保健管理；军事人员

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More than 2 decades have passed since the 19901991 conflict in the Persian Gulf. During the intervening years, some Gulf War veterans have experienced various unexplained symptoms that many associate with service in the gulf region, but no specific exposure has been definitively associated with symptoms. Numerous researchers have described the pattern of signs and symptoms found in deployed Gulf War veterans and noted that they report unexplained symptoms at higher rates than nondeployed veterans or veterans deployed elsewhere during the same period. Gulf War veterans have consistently shown a higher level of morbidity than the nondeployed, in some cases with severe and debilitating consequences. However, efforts to define a unique illness or syndrome in Gulf War veterans have failed, as have attempts to develop a uniformly accepted case definition.

关键词：生物制剂；化学药；慢性疾病；诊断

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Our aim is to develop multiple next-gen-based genomics analysis capabilities to be able to identify cancer-related signatures that predict progression to malignancy and that identify novel therapeutic pathways and targets. To this end, we are purchasing for the Advanced Cancer Genomics Institute within our Genomics Core resource Lab multiple next-gen instruments, including associated hardware and software platforms. Following the performance of quality-assurance testing, RPCI researchers will perform whole genome sequencing/re-sequencing, exome-seq, transcriptome-seq, miRNA-seq, ChIPseq, microbiome-seq, virome-seq and copy number variation/loss of heterozygosity (CNV/LOH) analyses including the associated bioinformatics analyses. Based on the concentration of expertise at RPCI in prostate cancer pre-clinical and clinical models, most of the proposed work has been adapted to address genomic signatures of androgen receptor-driven progression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CR-CaP). The capabilities of this Core will foster our goal of developing practical approaches to personalized cancer medicine. The long-term aim is to develop full-operational next-gen expertise to facilitate the collaboration of RPCI researchers with other members of the National Functional Genomics Consortium.

关键词：基因组；前列腺癌；计算机程序；遗传学

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Years of sediment accumulation and dry conditions in recent years have led to the decline of water levels and capacities for many water-supply reservoirs in Missouri, and have caused renewed interest in modernizing outdated area/capacity tables for these reservoirs. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, surveyed the bathymetry of the four water-supply reservoirs used by the city of Cameron, Missouri, in July 2013. The data were used to provide water managers with area/capacity tables and bathymetric maps of the reservoirs at the time of the surveys.

关键词：校准；化学分析；铜硫化物；二丙二醇；发射光谱法

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The purpose of this multi-site study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial of the Caring Letters intervention to determine if the intervention is effective in preventing suicide and suicidal behaviors among Service Members and Veterans. The caring letters concept was originally developed and evaluated by Jerome Motto and colleagues in the 1970 s (1). In Motto s trial, civilian psychiatric inpatients were sent caring letters following discharge (initially monthly, decreasing to quarterly) for five years. Compared to a control group (usual care) with no further contact, the Caring Letters group had a significantly lower suicide rate for the first two years of the trial. These caring letters are one of the only suicide prevention interventions to reduce suicide mortality in a randomized controlled trial (2). Despite the initial promising results of the original Caring Letters RCT, there have been no published replications of the original intervention or tests of the intervention among military personnel or veterans. This study will fill an important gap in the evidence base for the Caring Letter intervention and is timely given the steady increase of military suicide in recent years.

关键词：死亡；军事人员；预防医学；精神病学

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The Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) is a positive regulator of cellular signaling and promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis. Because of this, it was hypothesized that SHP2 may be a useful therapeutic target in disease, since it acts as an integrator of numerous signaling pathways that are known to be dysregulated in cancer such as HER2. Previous cell biology work has demonstrated that SHP2 is required for maintenance of transformation. It has not been conclusively demonstrated that SHP2 would serve as an attractive therapeutic target. In addition, SHP2 inhibitors designed so far have failed to demonstrate selectivity over closely- related homologues such as SHP1 (1,2). This work was designed to first determine how SHP2 selectively binds its target substrates and then to apply this knowledge in the first-in-class demonstration of SHP2 s viability as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.

关键词：乳腺癌细胞（生物学）；肿瘤；磷酸酶

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