Building Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) involves several teams of engineers with different back- grounds. We focus on interactions between control engineers and embedded software engineers. Lack of rigorous methodologies for communication and interaction between the two groups has been recognized as an obstacle to the development of dependable and cost-effective CPS. We advocate the use of design contracts as a step towards bridging this gap. Design contracts act as a medium for communication and interaction between the control and computation/communication design problems in a CPS. The contracts provide a focal point for negotiation and for decision making.

关键词：网络物理系统（CPS）；控制工程师；嵌入式软件工程师

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In the past decade, a theory of manipulation-robust algorithms has been emerging toaddress the challenges that frequently occur in strategic environments such as the internet.The theory, known as algorithmic mechanism design, builds on the foundations of classicalmechanism design from microeconomics and is based on the idea of incentive compatible protocols.Such protocols achieve system-wide objectives through careful design that ensuresit is in every agent's best interest to comply with the protocol. As it turns out, however,implementing incentive compatible protocols as advocated in classical mechanism design theoryoften necessitates solving intractable problems. To address this, algorithmic mechanism design focuses on designing computationally-feasible incentive compatible approximation algorithms.

关键词：操作算法理论；互联网战略环境；算法机制设计；激励兼容协议

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This thesis demonstrates a correct, scalable and automated method to infer semantic concepts using lattice-based ontologies, given relatively few manual annotations. Semantic concepts and their relationships are formalized as a lattice, and relationships within and between program elements are expressed as a set of constraints. Our inference engine auto- matically infers concepts wherever they are not explicitly specified. Our approach is general, in that our framework is agnostic to the semantic meaning of the ontologies that it uses. Where practical use-cases and principled theory exist, we provide for the expression of infinite ontologies and ontology compositions. We also show how these features can be used to express of value-parametrized concepts and structured data types. In order to help find the source of errors, we also present a novel approach to debugging by showing simplified errors paths. These are minimal subsets of the constraints that fail to type-check, and are much more useful than previous approaches in finding the cause of program bugs. We also present examples of how this analysis tool can be used to express analyses of abstract interpretation; physical dimensions and units; constant propagation; and checks of the monotonicity of expressions.

关键词：本体；语义概念；程序元素

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关键词：操作系统；信息盗窃；软件堆栈；恶意软件；信息安全

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The TerraSwarm Research Center (TSRC), announced on October 31, 2012, will be addressing the huge potential (and associated risks) of pervasive integration of smart, networked sensors and actuators into our connected world. A five-year grant is being awarded by the industry members of the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) as a part of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP).

关键词：智能网络传感器；智能城市；半导体

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Variable, intermittent renewable sources of energy are being introduced into the national electric grid at scale.However, the current grid paradigm of load-followingsupplies is unable to utilize these sources without impractical deployments of backup generation and gridscaleenergy storage. Thus, it will be crucial to have energy agile loads: electric loads that can dynamically adapt their energy consumption. Data centers are prime candidates for becoming energy agile because they are large energy consumers and often have workloads thatcan be shaped to vary their power consumption. In thispaper we present an energy agile cluster that is power proportional (uses power proportional to its workload)and exposes slack (the ability to temporarily delay ordegrade service to reduce power consumption). We describe a prototype cluster that consumes 60% less energyon typical workloads by being power proportional.Then, using month-long traces from a 9572 node computing cluster and a California wind farm, we show howa grid-aware scheduler can use workload slack to reducesdependence on non-renewable energy sources to 40% of its original level. Our results show that achieving the same wind penetration with energy storage alone wouldrequire sufficient battery capacity to run a cluster for fivehours.

关键词：可再生能源；国家电网；数据中心；网格调度工作量；原型聚类

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We argue that mid-level representations can bridge the gap between existing low-level models, which are incapable of capturing the structure of interactive verbs, and contemporary high-level schemes, which rely on the output of potentially brittle intermediate detectors and trackers. We develop a novel descriptor based on generic object foreground segments; our representation forms a histogram-of-gradient representation that is grounded to the frame of detected key-segments. Importantly, our method does not require objects to be identified reliably in order to compute a robust representation. We evaluate an integrated system including novel key-segment activity descriptors on a large-scale video dataset containing 48 common verbs, for which we present a comprehensive evaluation protocol. Our results con firm that a descriptor defined on mid-level primitives, operating at a higher-level than local spatio-temporal features, but at a lower-level than trajectories of detected objects, can provide a substantial improvement relative to either alone or to their combination.

关键词：交互动词；高级计划；视频数据集

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Cyclops (cyclic-operations) Tensor Framework (CTF) is a distributed library for tensor contractions. CTF aims to scale high-dimensional tensor contractions such as those required in the Coupled Cluster (CC) electronic structure method to massively-parallel supercomputers. The framework preserves tensor structure by subdividing tensors cyclically, producing a regular parallel decomposition. An internal virtualization layer provides completely general mapping support while maintaining ideal load balance. The mapping framework decides on the best mapping for each tensor contraction at run-time via explicit calculations of memory usage and communication volume. CTF employs a general redistribution kernel, which transposes tensors of any dimension between arbitrary distributed layouts, yet touches each piece of data only once. Sequential symmetric contractions are reduced to matrix multiplication calls via tensor index transpositions and partial unpacking. The user-level interface elegantly expresses arbitrary-dimensional generalized tensor contractions in the form of a domain specific language. We demonstrate performance of CC with single and double excitations on BlueGene/Q and Cray XE6 supercomputers.

关键词：分布式图书馆；映射框架；计算机内存

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This whitepaper shows that it is now technically possible to reliably store and analyze 1 million genomes and related clinical and pathological data, which would match the demand for 2014. Moreover, thanks to advances in cloud computing, it is surprisingly affordable: multiple estimates agree on a technology cost of about $25 a year per genome.While the focus is on technology, to be thorough, this whitepaper touches on high-level policy issues as well as low-level details about statistics and the price of computer memory to cover the scope of the issues that a million cancer genome warehouse raises.

关键词：基因组测序；基因组；生物医学；内存覆盖；云计算；软件；硬件

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The task of automatic machine translation (MT) is the focus of a huge variety of active research efforts, both because of the intrinsic utility of this difficult task, and the theoretical and linguistic insights that arise from modeling relationships between natural languages.This thesis investigates the problem of finding syntactic parse trees of target and/or source sentences that are more appropriate for use in a syntactic MT system.

关键词：自动机器翻译（MT）；;建模；单语解析器；自然语言；语法解析树

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