We have demonstrated that multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) films decorated with noble metal nanoparticles can be used to generate photoelectric current from visible and near ultraviolet light. It is also interesting to note that some insights into the photo-generation mechanism can be inferred comparing the experimental results to the theoretical density functional theory simulations. A mechanism of photo charge generation is described in which the presence of the noble metal particles on the tubes deeply modifies the electronic properties of the CNT hybrid and makes available additional charges that are involved in the photo generation process. The main consequence is that a remarkable increase in the photocurrent response is registered in all the photon spectral range studied. The new kind of Graetzel-like solar cell device was built without dye and TiO2, showing an IPCE up to 20%.

关键词：碳纳米管；;密度泛函理论；染料；电流

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The communities of Hartford, Connecticut, and Syracuse, New York, implemented year-long campaigns to test whether NHTSAs high-visibility enforcement (HVE) model could be applied to reduce two specific forms of distracted driving driving while talking on a hand-held cell phone or texting. The HVE model applies strong laws, vigorous targeted law enforcement, extensive media that emphasizes the enforcement, and evaluation. Both sites conducted 4 waves of enforcement between April 2010 and April 2011. NHTSA developed and bought TV and radio spots featuring the tag line Phone in One Hand, Ticket in the Other. Both sites generated ample earned media. Police wrote 100 to 200 citations per 10,000 population for each wave in each site. Driver surveys showed an increase in awareness that cell phone laws were being enforced and recognition of the new slogan. Observed hand-held driver cell phone use dropped from 6.6% to 2.9% in Hartford, and from 3.7% to 2.5% in Syracuse. Connecticuts control area also showed a decrease in use (from 6.6% to 5.6%) but not to the same extent as Hartford. New Yorks control area had similar decreases (5% to 3%), perhaps a result of separate enforcement campaigns running simultaneously in the control site. The results show that high-visibility enforcement campaigns can reduce the number of people who use hand-held cell phones while driving.

关键词：电动汽车；空气转换；供电效率；公共安全

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This project demonstrated an application of photovoltaic (PV) technology to power cathodic protection (CP) systems for water tanks at Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA), HI. An impressed-current CP system was installed on each of three water tanks in isolated locations, where connecting with the local power grid would be expensive. The demonstrated system, powered only by PV arrays with a battery backup, uses ceramic anodes and includes a satellite-based remote-monitoring capability. This system provides uniform and reliable cathodic protection in the water tanks interior below the water line. Data collected by the remote monitoring system can be loaded into a spreadsheet, and performance can then be analyzed on a pass-fail basis. The installed PV- powered CP systems operate as designed and conform to NACE SP 0169 criteria. It is expected that little maintenance will be needed to keep the system operating properly. Required maintenance will include periodic cleaning solar arrays and monthly recording of electrical output using a digital meter. Once every year, a qualified CP specialist should survey the system to ensure proper CP levels.

关键词：光伏电池；遥控监视；电池阴极

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LGFCS is developing an integrated planar (IP) SOFC technology for mega-watt scale power generation including the potential for use in highly efficient, economically competitive central generation power plant facilities fuel by coal synthesis gas. This Department of Energy Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program is aimed at achieving further cell and stack technical advancements and assessing the readiness of the LGFCS SOFC stack technology to be scaled to larger-scale demonstrations in subsequent phases. LGFCS is currently in Phase 2 of the program with the Phase 1 test carrying over for completion during Phase 2.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池；煤；能源转换；燃料

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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. has completed a comprehensive, multiyear project to demonstrate a hydrogen infrastructure in California. The specific primary objective of the project was to demonstrate a model of a real-world retail hydrogen infrastructure and acquire sufficient data within the project to assess the feasibility of achieving the nation's hydrogen infrastructure goals. The project helped to advance hydrogen station technology, including the vehicle-to-station fueling interface, through consumer experiences and feedback. By encompassing a variety of fuel cell vehicles, customer profiles and fueling experiences, this project was able to obtain a complete portrait of real market needs. The project also opened its stations to other qualified vehicle providers at the appropriate time to promote widespread use and gain even broader public understanding of a hydrogen infrastructure. The project engaged major energy companies to provide a fueling experience similar to traditional gasoline station sites to foster public acceptance of hydrogen. Work over the course of the project was focused in multiple areas. With respect to the equipment needed, technical design specifications (including both safety and operational considerations) were written, reviewed, and finalized. After finalizing individual equipment designs, complete station designs were started including process flow diagrams and systems safety reviews. Material quotes were obtained, and in some cases, depending on the project status and the lead time, equipment was placed on order and fabrication began.

关键词：替代燃料；加利福尼亚州；燃料电池

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A micromechanics analysis modeling method was developed to analyze the damage progression and fatigue failure of fabric reinforced composite structures, especially for the brittle ceramic matrix material composites. A repeating unit cell concept of fabric reinforced composites was used to represent the global composite structure. The thermal and mechanical properties of the repeating unit cell were considered as the same as those of the global composite structure. The three-phase micromechanics, the shear-lag, and the continuum fracture mechanics models were integrated with a statistical model in the repeating unit cell to predict the progressive damages and fatigue life of the composite structures. The global structure failure was defined as the loss of loading capability of the repeating unit cell, which depends on the stiffness reduction due to material slice failures and nonlinear material properties in the repeating unit cell. The present methodology is demonstrated with the analysis results evaluated through the experimental test performed with carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix plain weave composite specimens.

关键词：细观力学；疲劳（材料）；损害评估；热力学性质；复合材料结构

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No abstract available.

关键词：燃料电池；项目管理；煤炭；排放；能源消耗

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This guide helps users get started with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory Fuel Cell Power (FCPower) Model Version 2, which is a Microsoft Excel workbook that analyzes the technical and economic aspects of high-temperature fuel cell-based distributed energy systems with the aim of providing consistent, transparent, comparable results. This type of energy system would provide onsite-generated heat and electricity to large end users such as hospitals and office complexes. The hydrogen produced could be used for fueling vehicles or stored for later conversion to electricity.

关键词：燃料电池；个案研究；电力；热;；制氢

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Non-volatile, non-flammable and polymerizable ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes for high-performance dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been synthesized and characterized. These ILs serve as promising electrolytes for advanced dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We have characterized the thermo- physical and electrochemical properties of these ILs for DSSC-specific applications. Computer simulations have been performed to understand the structural properties of the new electrolytes/nano-composite systems.

关键词：太阳能电池；固体电解质；计算机模拟；聚合

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The project focus on developing biscrolled carbon nanotube yarns and textiles for supercapacitor/battery and fuel cell electrode applications was chosen because of the urgent need for improved technologies for electrical energy storage and fuel-cell-based electrical energy generation. Project provided advances are in electrode electrochemical performance, mechanical robustness, and mechanical flexibility that can enable (1) giant power and energy densities; (2) multifunctional applicability where electrode strength and flexibility is utilized, like for energy storage in structural vehicle panels and electronic textiles; (2) deployability for both ultra-large and very small devices; (3) elimination of noble metal catalysts from fuel cell electrodes; and (4) the ability to harvest and store electrical energy in the human body. Woven textiles that are high performance biofuel cells and redox supercapacitors resulted from program work. While project focus was on fuel cell and energy storage electrodes based on biscrolled yarns, collaborative US- Korea project research has also provided advances in fabrication, process upscale, and in experimental and theoretical understanding of structure and properties that are important for all applications of biscrolled yarns. Major project advances in the energy area have also been made on artificial muscles and associated textiles that can be electrically, chemically, or photonically driven, as well as super-tough yarns that can absorb about 6 times higher energy before rupture than spider silk. Some of these artificial muscles can harvest energy from the environment to provide powerful large-stroke actuation. These project advances could not have been made without the realized highly effective partnership of the laboratories of the US and Korea PI's.

关键词：碳纳米管；碳丝；能源；面料；电化学

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