A wide spectrum of marine and hydrokinetic technologies are being developed by industry, universities, and national laboratories in the United States and around the globe. Experience gained in the development of renewable energy, aerospace, and automotive technologies shows that sharing and disseminating technical expertise accelerates the pace of technology development and rapidly progresses the industry towards commercial viability. For this exact purpose, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory organized the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology (MHK) Instrumentation, Measurement, and Computer Modeling Workshop to bring together technical experts from industry, national laboratories, and academia. The workshop goals were to disseminate technical information regarding environmental monitoring, instrumentation and measurements, and computer modeling to the marine energy community, and to collect information to help identify ways to accelerate the development of a commercially viable marine energy industry.

关键词：海洋流体动力电源；水动力装置；建模；环境监测

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Catalytic processes are today practiced on a vast scale to convert basic feedstocks (today largely petroleum, gas, and coal based) into fuels, plastics, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, foods, paints/coatings, and numerous other materials that underpin our economy and well-being. Catalysts are also used extensively to provide a cleaner environment by treating automotive and industrial (e.g., power plant) exhausts and water-borne effluents. Indeed, it has been estimated that more than 50of the US GDP derives from catalytic processes. In the past several years, it has become apparent that the US energy supply and demand picture has shifted dramatically, and that a major scientific research and development effort must be mounted to maintain US economic leadership and our quality of life. The challenges are to use and convert more abundant, lower cost/lower quality, and more sustainable feedstocks into the products we need with unprecedented energy- and atom-efficiency. The need to develop more efficient, cleaner and greener catalytic processes is grand challenge of national import.

关键词：空气污染；西北大学；清洁催化工艺；技术报告

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Fiber- reinforced polymer composites (FRP) are an attractive repair option for existing concrete structures. CDOT has used this material on some projects, in particular the repair of the Castlewood Canyon Bridge in 2003. Further use of the material is limited by the lack of data about its long-term performance. Laboratory durability studies have indicated that FRP performs well in conditions such as water and salt water baths, but it is difficult to fully capture field environments in the lab. This project evaluated the condition of the FRP on the Castlewood Canyon Bridge through onsite inspection and pull-off tests, and by bringing FRP back to the labs at CSU to test the tensile strength. Conclusions about the FRP condition are limited by the lack of baseline data, but there does appear to be some deterioration over time. This project also considers the influence of deicing agents on FRP properties through laboratory testing that has been initiated. Implementation: Based on results available at this time it is recommended that CDOT monitor the durability of future FRP applications through a more systematic process in which baseline data is collected and maintained and inspections including material testing are conducted at shorter intervals, perhaps every two to three years.

关键词：混凝土；力学性能；环境影响；环境监测

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关键词：铕配合物；三苯基氧化膦；白光发射；高分子材料

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The aging infrastructure in the United States puts a huge burden on bridge engineers and officials who strive to ensure public safety and meet community demands. Strengthening existing bridge structures instead of the more expensive replacement alternative has therefore been a more feasible choice in many cases, which led to large research efforts to develop new strengthening methods and explore the use of new materials. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites is considered one of the new materials that continue to grow and gain popularity for structural applications. Successful use of FRP relies on understanding its behavior and being able to confidently assess its properties. Characterizing material properties from random samples is important in order to better understand the behavior of FRP composites and implement them in design codes. Reliable and consistent methods of characterizing the material resistance are essential for the successful employment of any material. There are two popular statistical methods used for finding characteristic values for FRP composites: The first method is recommended by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) in publications produced by Committee 440 (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement), while the other is adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) in a standard for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications, ASTM D7290. In this study, tensile and flexural tests are conducted on different FRP composite materials for the purpose of investigating the differences between these two methods. The experimental results were complemented with simulations of virtual specimens. The experimental and simulation results are then used to estimate the material properties following both characterization methods and to conduct comparisons between both methods.

关键词：桥梁；复合材料；力学性能；纤维增强复合材料

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Electrolytes, nano-structuring and graphene nanoplatelets for electrodes, and current collectors in batteries and supercapacitors were investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) Nano-structuring of graphene nanoplatelets with and without conduct.

关键词：储能；电容；电容器；陶瓷电解质膜；电路

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Health-related information, much of it consisting of images, is being predominantly accessed online by diverse groups of users ranging from medical professionals and researchers to students and the general public. This paper argues that broad-usage medical image retrieval is best approached as a sub-domain of generic image search. We discuss how search over a diverse corpus of biomedical and healthcare related images can benefit from a modern content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system based upon general photographic content classification techniques. The system features a flexible query language based upon a generic image concept ontology which can utilise both metadata (where available) and automatically extracted image content descriptors. Furthermore, the system supports both text-based querying as well as similarity-based searching and is thus well suited to iterative refinement of initial search results without the need for specialist knowledge of relevant keywords.

关键词：医学图像；基于内容的图像检索；相似图片搜索；本体查询语言；医疗信息系统

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Because the International Space Station is a closed environment with rotations of astronauts and equipment that each introduce their own microbial flora, it is necessary to monitor the air, surfaces, and water for microbial contamination. Current microbial monitoring includes labor- and time-intensive methods to enumerate total bacterial and fungal cells, with limited characterization, during in-flight testing. Although this culture-based method is sufficient for monitoring the International Space Station, on future long-duration missions more detailed characterization will need to be performed during flight, as sample return and ground characterization may not be available. At a workshop held in 2011 at NASA's Johnson Space Center to discuss alternative methodologies and technologies suitable for microbial monitoring for these long-term exploration missions, molecular-based methodologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were recommended. In response, a multi-center (Marshall Space Flight Center, Johnson Space Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Kennedy Space Center) collaborative research effort was initiated to explore novel commercial-off-the-shelf hardware options for space flight environmental monitoring. The goal was to evaluate quantitative or semi-quantitative PCR approaches for low-cost in-flight rapid identification of microorganisms that could affect crew safety. The initial phase of this project identified commercially available platforms that could be minimally modified to perform nominally in microgravity. This phase was followed by proof-of-concept testing of the highest qualifying candidates with a universally available challenge organism, Salmonella enterica. The analysis identified two technologies that were able to perform sample-to-answer testing with initial cell sample concentrations between 50 and 400 cells.

关键词：封闭的生态系统；环境监测；持续时间长太空飞行；微生物；病原体

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Colourimetric sensors and indicators are widely used because of their low cost and simplicity. A significant challenge associated with the design of this type of device is that the sensing mechanism must be simultaneously optimised for the sensitivity of the response and a visually perceptible colour change. Structural colour, derived from coherent scattering rather than molecular absorption, is a promising route to colourimetric sensor design because colour shifts are tied to changes in one of many physical properties of a material, rather than a specific chemical process. This Feature Article presents an overview of the development of low-cost sensors and indicators that exploit structural colour. Building upon recent advances in structurally adaptive materials design, structural colour sensors have been developed for a wide variety of previously inaccessible physical (e.g. temperature, strain, electric fields) and chemical stimuli (e.g. small organic molecules, charged species, biomacromolecules and metabolites). These devices, often exceeding the state of the art in performance, simplicity or both, have bright prospects for market impact in areas such as environmental monitoring, workplace hazard identification, threat detection, and point-of-care diagnostics. Finding the ideal balance between performance (e.g. sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, etc.) and simplicity (e.g. colourimetric vs. spectroscopic readout) will be one of the most critical elements in the further development of structural colour sensors. This balance should be driven largely by the market demands and competing technologies.

关键词：比色分析法；比色法；探测器；色度传感器；环境监测

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Metamaterials are artificially constructed materials. When electromagnetic waves propagate through metamaterials they display properties different from those found in natural materials. These different properties can include negative refraction (light is bent in the opposite direction from that expected from general laws of physics), flat lens focusing, and subwavelength imaging. The use of meta-materials to direct electromagnetic beams is a highly promising approach to overcome current limitations of conformal antennas by improving the radiation characteristics of antenna elements, especially those at the edge of phased array antennas.

关键词：超材料；碳纳米管；保形天线；镜片；高分子材料

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