This paper proposes a wheel slip control strategy for 4WD Electrical Vehicle with In-wheel Motors.In the first part of this paper,a brief introduction of sliding mode control for acceleration slip regulation is given.Consider that its control effect varies with road conditions,another algorithm which can automatically adapt to different roads is designed.This method takes advantage of the peculiarity of the longitudinal static tire force curve and regulates wheel slip ratio to the detected optimal value,aiming to maximize the traction force while preserving sufficient lateral tire force.Simulation results show that the slip rate can be regulated to a value around the optimal slip ratio,and the driving torque is very close to the maximum transmissible torque.The control strategy achieves stronger stability,shorter driving distance and hence better control performance.

关键词：电动汽车；ASR；自适应滑模控制

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Most mayors expect their cities deployments of new energy technologies to increase over the next five years, despite todays economic climate. Three in four cities (75) say their use of new energy technologies is likely to grow, with more than one-quarter (27) of the 396 cities in this survey expecting the increase to be significant. Cities in the Northeast and South anticipate faster growth, but there is little difference across cities small and large cities alike expect to be deploying more clean technology in five years than they do currently. Only three percent of cities expect their use of new energy technologies to decrease during this period.

关键词：能源；气候变化；能源需求；能源效率

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The k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is widely used as a simple and effective classification algorithm. While its main advantage is its simplicity, its main shortcoming is its computational complexity for large training sets. A Prototype Selection (PS) method is used to optimize the efficiency of the algorithm so that the disadvantages can be overcome. This paper presents a new PS algorithm, namely Fuzzy k-Important Nearest Neighbor (FKINN) algorithm. In this algorithm, an important nearest neighbor selection rule is introduced. When classifying a data set with the FKINN algorithm, the most repeated selection sample is defined as an important nearest neighbor. To verify the performance of the algorithm, five UCI benchmarking databases are considered. Experiments show that the algorithm effectively deletes redundant or irrelevant prototypes while maintaining the same level of classification accuracy as that of the KNN algorithm.

关键词：K近邻（KNN）;原型选择（PS）;模糊K-重要近邻（FKINN）

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The Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) is a high-level global forum to share best practices and promote policies and programs that advance clean energy technologies and accelerate the transition to a global clean energy economy. The CEM works to increase energy efficiency, expand clean energy supply, and enhance clean energy access worldwide. To achieve these goals, the CEM pursues a three-part strategy that includes high-level policy dialogue, technical cooperation, and engagement with the private sector and other stakeholders. Each year, energy ministers and other high-level delegates from the 23 participating CEM governments come together to discuss clean energy, review clean energy progress, and identify tangible next steps to accelerate the clean energy transition. The U.S. Department of Energy, which played a crucial role in launching the CEM, hosted the first annual meeting of energy ministers in Washington, DC, in June 2010. The United Arab Emirates hosted the second Clean Energy Ministerial in 2011, and the United Kingdom hosted the third Clean Energy Ministerial in 2012. This year, India hosted the fourth Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM4) in New Delhi.

关键词：能源管理；能源效率；能源供应；清洁能源

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As the U.S. Army develops its 30-year science and technology strategy for ground systems, these systems are seen more as mobile power generation systems than just semi-autonomous mobile protection systems. As ground systems continue to have greater levels of electrification, they are perceived as key to providing power not only to the propulsion and mobility systems, but to protection systems, communications, information systems and a complex, ever-increasing suite of auxiliary power systems which are not limited to the vehicle platform itself, but to external systems and platforms. All power systems can be connected wirelessly, or through a microgrid. Therefore, optimizing the overall ground system along with an external suite of loads and sources through a power grid, as a system of systems, becomes crucial in vehicle design. This optimization problem for performance and reliability is complex when considering the outside grid and a mix of other sources and loads with uncertain power quality and availability. This paper proposes how this optimization problem can be formulated and solved, and attempts to change the perspective of the importance of the overall ground system as a power generation system on the battlefield, and for base operations, restoration and contingency operations. Because a microgrid is designed for a period of time, our optimization problem considers factors such as cost to operate, maintenance, reliability, repair time and logistics. This paper also focuses on optimizing the vehicle-microgrid system using these factors with emphasis on the vehicle to grid management where a vehicle is a mobile power generation system and a key part of the grid. 

关键词：电源；配电；电力生产；电力负荷

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Since the 1980s, the power industry in China has experienced many system reforms. However, no matter how it is evolved, energy conservation and the improvement of end-use power consumption efficiency have never been interrupted. The energy departments, hydraulic and electric engineering departments, power industry departments and the State Economic and Trade Commission which have government functions, the national electricity corporation and power grid enterprises (State Grid Corporation of China and China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., etc.) which does not have government functions, as the subjects of social power saving, scientific power consumption, rational power consumption, and demand-side management (DSM) implementation, play important roles in promoting the improvement of overall social power consumption efficiency and the development of DSM work.

关键词：电力；电气工程；需求侧管理；能耗效率

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To overcome shortcomings of traditional methods for detecting the embankment internal deformation,this paper puts forward the distributed optical fiber sensing technique to detect the embankment inner deep deformation.The method according to the optical fiber sensing mechanism,with Swiss Omnisens company produces the DiTeSt-202 strain/temperature optical fiber sensing analyzer,makes the cable arrangement,builds the monitoring program for the embankment deep deformation and real-time monitors the embankment,and uses Matlab to process and analysis data.The experimental results show that the feasibility of this scheme,guides the engineering practice.

关键词：堤;变形;监测;分布式光纤传感;数据分析

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In the present work, the emulsion fuels from bio-oil heavy fraction and 0# diesel were prepared by mechanical and ultrasound emulsification technologies.The relationship between stable time of emulsions and HLB value of emulsifier was investigated.Results indicated that lower mechanical stirring speeds and lower ultrasonic amplitudes lead to longer stable time ofbio-oil heavy fraction emulsions.The stable time of emulsions reduced as HLB values increasing, and it reached a maximal value of 14 minutes under a HLB value of 1.8.Zetasizer Nano S90 was adopted to measure the droplet distribution of emulsions.The major droplet size of emulsions was smaller than 90nm.Meanwhile, the droplet distribution curve of ultrasound emulsions was much complex than those of mechanical emulsions.

关键词：生物油；重质馏分;乳化燃料液滴分布的表面张力

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The protective effect of isolated operation Mode on Micro-grid was studied in this paper employing the method of contrast analysis.A model of Micro-grid system powered by wind and hydro was built using Matab/Simulink to simulate the two modes of isolation and connection under the circumstance of public power grid fault.Results show that the isolated operation mode of micro-grid is effective and necessary.

关键词：微电网分离的操作;分布式发电;仿真;电网

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In late 2012, the Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) is opening at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The facility includes 19 laboratories with a wide range of capabilities, and will give NREL and partnering organizations the opportunity to research electricity integration projects before deploying them in the field. The ESIF also includes visualization labs to help researchers understand the data collected during project experiments.

关键词：力;整合;实验室;可再生能源;研究项目;可视化;

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