In this paper,a novel BiCMOS current steering bandgap is presented,which includes reference core,start-up circuit,and output circuit,of which the reference core is used to produce the temperature-stable current,the start-up to start up the reference core when powered on,and the output circuit to proportionally transport the reference current to other cells on the same chip.Compared to the traditional voltage-mode bandgap reference,because of the adoption of the current-steering mode,the reference proposed in this paper,has the merits of being immune to variation of the power supply,minimum transport consumption,better matches,temperature stability,smaller area,auto-startup,and so on,which are specially needed in AD/DA application.The simulation shows that the proposed current-mode reference circuit has full temperature range coefficient of 8.9ppm,which is better than that of the traditional voltage-and current-mode reference circuits.

关键词：负反馈；偏差；旁路电容；工作点

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Various modes of severe plastic deformation (SPD), such as high-pressure torsion (HPT) at cryogenic temperature, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic channel-angular pressing (DCAP), have been applied for nanostructuring of Ni, and the thermal stability of the structure obtained has been studied. The nanocrystalline structure with average grain sizes of 80 nm and the microhardness of 6200 MPa is produced by HPT in liquid nitrogen. DCAP and ECAP result in the submicrocrystalline structure of a mixed type, with ultra-fine grains separated by high-angle boundaries along with deformation bands and coarse cells with low-angle dislocation boundaries. The thermal stability of the structures obtained by ECAP and DCAP is approximately the same, and it is higher than after the HPT at cryogenic temperature.

关键词：电极材料；纳米晶体；塑性形变

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Fuel cells are a promising technology as an alternative for portable power applications, because they offer higher power densities, do not include moving parts, and thus are free of noise and vibrations. At the current state of development, fuel cell systems cannot effectively use hydrocarbon fuels unless they have been processed, or reformed, into a syngas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other species. Conventional reforming technologies utilize catalysts which may have strict requirements on fuel purity and operating conditions. The development of a robust non-catalytic technique has the advantage of using a variety of logistics fuels. In this project, conversion of various fuels was demonstrated in two different non-catalytic reactors. The conversion of butanol and Jet-A were demonstrated in a filtration reactor consisting of a packed bed of spheres. A second reactor, consisting of counterflowing channels, has the advantage of stationary reactions zones and the ability to operate continuously. Conversion of heptane was demonstrated in this reactor and a computational study was conducted to understand the scaling of the reactor for various applications. These results show the promise of non-catalytic technologies for the reforming of a wide range of fuels.

关键词：一氧化碳；燃烧；燃料电池；燃料系统

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Key technically reviewed results are presented here in support of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) acceptance of Sludge Batch 8 (SB8). This report summarizes results from simulant flowsheet studies of the DWPF Chemical Process Cell (CPC). Results include: Hydrogen generation rate for the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) cycles of the CPC on a 6,000 gallon basis. Volume percent of nitrous oxide, N2O, produced during the SRAT cycle. Ammonium ion concentrations recovered from the SRAT and SME off-gas. Dried weight percent solids (insoluble, soluble, and total) measurements and density. These items relate to Safety Class (SC) items in HLW-TTR-2012-0004, Rev. 0 as called out in an attachment, a copy of which can be found in Appendix A.

关键词：污泥；放射性废物处理；铵化合物；蒸发器

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Space solar sheet (SSS) being currently under development is a quite unique and Japan's original devise for generating electricity in space. There are two kinds of SSS: one is a film-type SSS using transparent polymer film and the other is glass-type SSS (G-SSS) using a coverglass. Space solar sheet basically possesses 15 paper-like Ⅲ-Ⅴ multi-junction solar cells connected in five series and three parallel rows. The cells are laminated with the transparent polymer film or coverglass. To realize G-SSS, features of flexibility, toughness (not crack easily) and high radiation tolerance are inevitably required for the coverglass. Optical degradation of the coverglass caused by space radiation is particularly important since it decreases the amount of transmitted sunlight falling on solar cells and degrades the cell output power. Hence, we evaluated a radiation tolerance of a new coverglass for G-SSS.

关键词：太阳能电池；辐射测量；太阳能电板

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Michigan State University, in East Lansing, was selected by the U.S. Department of Energy to design and establish the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a cutting-edge research facility to advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos. The research conducted at FRIB will involve experimentation with intense beams of rare isotopes within a well-shielded target cell that will result in activation and contamination of components. The target cell is designed to be hands-on accessible after shutdown and a brief cooldown period. Personnel are expected to have hands-on access to the tops of shielded component modules with the activated in-beam sections buried under the shielding. The modules are carefully designed to include steel shielding for protecting personnel during these hand-on operations. However, as the facility develops greater levels of activation and contamination, the facility design foresees that a bridge-mounted servomanipulator may need to be added to the cell to perform the disconnecting of services to the component assemblies. Dexterous remote handling and exchange of the modularized activated components is completed at a shielded window workstation with a pair of master-slave manipulators. The primary components requiring exchange or maintenance are the production target, the beam momentum compensation wedge, the beam dump, and the beam focusing and bending magnets. This paper provides an overview of the FRIB Target Facility remote-handling and maintenance design requirements, concepts, and techniques.

关键词：加速器；光束转储；同位素；磁铁

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When an energetic ion passes through a material, an ion track may be produced along the ion path if the electronic stopping power S_e is larger than a material dependent threshold value. Although there are a number of studies on the ion tracks produced in crystalline materials using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), there are only a limited number of TEM studies on the ion tracks in amorphous materials due to a lack of sufficient contrast. In this report, the ion tracks in amorphous Si_3N_4 films irradiated with 120-720 keV C_(60)~(+,2+) ions were observed with TEM and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The radial density distribution of the ion track was derived from the observed HAADF-STEM images.

关键词：电池材料；化学反应；离子轨道

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Our main project objective was to implement Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) and charging infrastructure into our electric distribution service territory and help reduce barriers in the process. Our research demonstrated the desire for some to be early adopters of electric vehicles and the effects lack of education plays on others. The response of early adopters was tremendous: with the initial launch of our program we had nearly 60 residential customers interested in taking part in our program. However, our program only allowed for 15 residential participants. Our program provided assistance towards purchasing a PEV and installation of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). The residential participants have all come to love their PEVs and are more than enthusiastic about promoting the many benefits of driving electric.

关键词：混合动力；电动汽车；电池充电；推进系统

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As the photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to develop, the vast size of deployments today requires optimization of product reliability. The safe operation, requisite service life, reliability, and durability of PV modules become increasingly important as incentives are reduced and the value of an investment in PV is reflected in the kilowatt hours (kWh) generated over the lifetime of the product. Solar electricity can be cost competitive in many electricity markets today (1) if solar panels can perform to warranted specifications for at least the length of their warranty, which is typically 25 years. But, it can be difficult to identify which PV modules will meet their warrantied performance level. Design qualification testing using tests such as IEC 61215 (2) and IEC 61730 (3,4) has been key for achieving high reliability. The continued maintenance of these standards and the development of new standards that address wear-out mechanisms will continue to improve the durability and reliability of products going into the field.

关键词：设计；耐久性；电力；市场；光伏电池

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Titanium dioxide (TiO_2) is the most intensely investigated photocatalyst and until today the only one that has already been commercialized and that is involved in many applications such as self-cleaning materials, dye-sensitized solar cells, as well as water and air purification. Consequently, an exponential growth of research activities concerning the nanoscience and nanotechnology of TiO_2 has been observed during the last decades. These raising research activities have recently lead to the synthesis of nanosized TiO_2 nanoparticles and nanostructures with different shapes, morphologies and phase compositions. Thus, the present chapter focuses mainly on the synthesis of these nanomaterials. The thermodynamic stability, the transition between different TiO_2 polymorphs and the surface properties of these polymorphs are presented with the aim to utilize this information for a better understanding of the mechanism of the formation of TiO_2 nanomaterials. The photocatalytic applications of these TiO_2 nanomaterials are also discussed.

关键词：电池材料；光催化剂；纳米材料

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