In our research, in accordance with the traditional sand therapy practice usually held in Turpan areas, we built an indoor sand therapy laboratory in Xinjiang University. After heating the sand with a heater for one week, we obtained similar temperature in every layer of the sand to that in the sand therapy. Male rabbits were treated with the sand therapy and medication and compared with normal control. The blood, joint fluid and mechanical properties of the bones were compared. The comparison of the mechanical properties of the bone, as well as our clinical experience with the sand therapy shows the effectiveness of such a treatment.

关键词：维吾尔药沙治疗;传热;室内砂疗法;力学性能;骨

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To strengthen the integrity of Medicares home health benefit, the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 established a surety bond requirement for HHAs. The surety bond requirement is an important program integrity tool that provides a sentinel effect of keeping fraudulent providers out of the program and a means for Medicare to guarantee recoupment of some overpayments. However, the BBA requirement remains unimplemented after nearly 15 years. In the years since enactment of the BBA of 1997, the home health benefit has remained highly vulnerable to fraud. In recent years, numerous individuals were indicted on charges of fraudulently billing Medicare for millions in home health services. In addition, the number of HHAs and the amount of home health care expenditures have increased since 1997. Not using the surety bond as a program integrity tool leaves Medicare at risk for losing millions of dollars in overpayments to HHAs. Medicare covers home health services for beneficiaries who need part-time or intermittent care. Home health care services include skilled nursing services, physical or occupational therapy, speech therapy, medical social services, and home health aide services. To qualify for home health services, Medicare beneficiaries must be: homebound (i.e., confined to the home); in need of home health care services on a part-time or intermittent basis; under a physicians care; and under a plan of care established and reviewed periodically by a physician. As of 2011, a physician must also certify through a face-to-face encounter that a beneficiary needs home health services. This encounter must occur no more than 90 days before or 30 days after services begin.

关键词：医疗补助;声称;补偿;支付;医疗保健服务;医疗保险

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Dissemination and metastasis of tumor cells are major causes of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Therefore it is of vital importance to identify druggable targets to inhibit breast tumor invasion and metastasis. A critical component in the invasive growth, dissemination, and metastasis of cancer is acquisition of motility by tumor cells. Our preliminary studies suggest a novel role for the thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) in controlling breast tumor cell motility via regulating cytoskeleton reorganization. The objective of this proposal is to define the function of TP in tumor cell motility and to validate TP as a target for anti-metastasis therapy of breast cancer. In the first aim, the role of TP in breast tumor cell motility will be determined in the presence or absence of TP activation or inhibition. The isoform(s) of TP involved in tumor cell contraction and motility will be identified in the second specific aim. In the third aim, an orthotopic mouse model will be used to assess whether TP can be targeted to reduce breast cancer metastasis. The proposed studies will be highly significant toward the goals of developing mechanism-based interventions for cancers.

关键词：乳腺癌;转移;受体网站(生理学);解剖模型;细胞(生物学);乳腺;迁移;发病率;死亡率;肿瘤;患者;感觉器官;治疗

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Surgery of the spine to fuse the vertebral bones is one of the most commonly performed operations with an estimated 350,000 Americans undergoing this surgery annually with estimated costs of $60 billion. Current procedures are highly invasive with limited success. The goal of this study is to develop a safe efficacious system for inducing spine fusion which will eliminate the need for invasive surgery. We have currently developed a cell based gene therapy system that can induce rapid bone formation at a targeted location which is independent of immune status of the model. This system relies on adenovirus transduced cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein 2 to induce bone formation leading to vertebral fusion after delivery into the paraspinous musculature. To prolong cell survival and insure cells are maintained at the target site, we have encapsulated them in a nondegradable hydrogel material. This provides additional safety by eliminating direct injection of the virus through cell delivery, and prevention of cell diffusion, through encapsulation. Here we provide preliminary data; demonstrating spine fusion using this system at 6 weeks after induction. This is the first step in demonstrating efficacy, a critical component of preclinical testing. Thus with validation of our hypothesis, this approach can now be developed as a safe and efficacious gene therapy system for spine fusion, thus circumventing the need for costly invasive surgery.

关键词：基因治疗;脊柱;腺病毒;骨细胞(生物学);注射

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The research goals of this grant proposal are to: (1) investigate the effect of ETS gene fusions on radiation phenotype in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer, (2) to explore the mechanism of interaction between ERG (the predominant ETS gene fusion product) and the DNA repair protein DNA-PK, and (3) to determine if ETS gene fusion status is a clinical biomarker of radioresistance for prostate cancer. The training goals of this grant proposal included a series of regular meetings with mentors, research seminars, journal clubs, and workshops, all of which are intended to help Dr. Feng develop as a translational scientist. This grant proposal was approved as a five-year award; the current annual report summarizes accomplishments over the second year of the grant, from July 15, 2011 to July 15, 2012. Overall, the first two years of this grant have been very successful. The work accomplished as a result of this grant resulted in two publications in very high impact journals, four national presentations, and three grants (two from the Prostate Cancer Foundation and one from Celgene). Additionally, Dr. Feng has met the training achievements specified in his original grant. The research proposed in this training grant represents an important area within the field of prostate cancer research. Because ETS gene fusions are thought to be driver alterations in over half of all prostate cancers, understanding the mecha-nistic and potential clinical implications of these gene fusions has significant ramifications, particularly in the context of radiation therapy, which represents a primary treatment modality for localized prostate cancer. In the second year of this grant period, we have generated bioluminescent ETS+ and ETS- cells in three different prostate cancer cell lines, and we havereceived institutional approval to proceed with the proposed animal studies and human biomarker tissue studies.

关键词：脱氧核糖核的酸;基因;前列腺癌;细胞(生物学);临床医学

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Operation brain trauma therapy (OBTT) is a multicenter, pre-clinical, drug screening and brain injury biomarker development consortium for TBI. OBTT includes investigators at the Safar Center (University of Pittsburgh), the University of Miami, WRAIR, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Banyan Biomarkers. Three rodent models (controlled cortical impact, parasagittal fluid percussion, and penetrating ballistic-like brain injury) are used for drug screening with the most promising candidates tested in a micropig model. We have completed studies with nicotinamide, erypthropoietin (EPO), and cyclosporine-A (CsA), and have just begun testing of simvastatin. We plan to test Minocycline and levetiracetam this year of funding. Studies with nicotinamide suggest some benefit of 50 mg/kg on motor outcomes, but variable benefit on cognitive outcomes. Studies with EPO did not appear promising. Studies with CsA have been completed; data analysis is ongoing. Studies of the serum brain injury biomarker GFAP from these rats have provided the first ever cross-model biomarker comparison and suggest that GFAP may be useful for drug screening, since nicotinamide treatment significantly reduced serum GFAP levels in two models. A consortium overview was published in Journal of Trauma and numerous abstracts were presented at the 2011 ATACCC, the 2012 NNT congress, and the 2012 MHSRS conference.

关键词：创伤性脑损伤;血清;临床医学;尼古丁;创伤和损伤

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The goal of this innovator award is to continue to develop and apply RNAi-based screening methods to discover new routes toward breast cancer therapy. The project has three goals. The first is to integrate genomic and genetic information on available breast cancer cell lines to identify tumor- specific vulnerabilities and to understand genetic determinants of therapy resistance. The second is to probe the roles of breast cancer stem cells, with a particular emphasis on microRNAs. The third is to examine genomic regions that determine familial susceptibility to breast cancer using novel, focal re- sequencing methods developed in the laboratory.

关键词：乳腺癌;干细胞;治疗;细胞(生物学);基因;实验室;探针;阻力

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During the most recent period the Center of Excellence continued to collect and process human breast cancer tissues for patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic disease. These tissues have been annotated clinically, examined by the study pathologist for QC/QA purposes, entered into our data analysis system, and distributed to the appropriate laboratory investigators for evaluation. An initial analysis of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with the antimetabolite prodrug capecitabine was performed, and revealed striking correlations between thymidylate synthase (as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization) and outcome.

关键词：乳腺癌;化疗;数据处理;疾病;荧光;基因;杂交;乳腺

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The VA Office of Inspector General (OIG) Office of Healthcare Inspections conducted a review in follow up of its March 2011 report on radiation therapy (RT) at the VA Long Beach Healthcare System (facility) in Long Beach, CA. OIG also assessed the validity of new allegations related to the quality of radiation treatments. We conducted an unannounced inspection in December 2012 and an announced inspection in February 2013, observed the practices of radiation therapists, and examined departmental electronic and paper records that are accessible only onsite.

关键词：卫生保健管理;指控;护理质量;医疗服务;退伍军人(军人)

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A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical actuator that produces linear motion and unidirectional force by using pressurized hydraulic fluid. It converts the energy stored in the hydraulic fluid into a force, allowing linear motion of the cylinder. A hydraulic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, cylinder cap, piston rod, piston, cylinder base, rod gland, cushions, seal, and cylinder base connection. Hydraulic cylinders are classified into two types according to their function: singleacting cylinders and double-acting cylinders. In single-acting cylinders, fluid is pressurized from one side of the cylinder during extraction and expansion, while in double-acting cylinders fluid is pressurized from both sides. Double-acting cylinders are further divided into two types: single rod end cylinders and double rod end cylinders. Plunger cylinders, telescoping cylinders, cable cylinders, and diaphragm cylinders are some of the hydraulic cylinders available in the Global Hydraulic Cylinders market.

关键词：液压缸；产生线性运动；单向机械致动器；加压；液压流体

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