No abstract available.

关键词：诊断(医学);军事力量(美国);流感;医疗筛查;心理健康;飞行员;远程驾驶车辆;统计;创伤性脑损伤;疫苗;Telewarfare;热损伤;横纹肌溶解,低钠血症

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Emergency whole blood transfusions may increase the risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens, including human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs). U.S. military personnel with any medical encounter for HTLV infection during 2000 2008 were identifi ed from surveillance data. Using both inclusive and restrictive case defi nitions, the incidence of diagnoses of HTLV infection was analyzed in relation to demographic factors and prior deployment. Th ere were 247 possible cases of HTLV infection identifi ed, or 1.88 cases per 100, 000 person-years (p-yrs) (95% CI 1.66, 2.13). Seventy of these met the restrictive defi nition, translating to a rate of 0.53 per 100,000 p-yrs (95% CI 0.42, 0.67). Under the restrictive defi nition, a higher rate was noted among females versus males (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.41, 3.98), service members with a healthcare occupation versus those who are primarily trained to engage in combat (RR 2.54; 95% CI 1.06, 6.10), and service members with any deployment experience (RR 8.98; 95% CI 5.61, 14.37). Th ese fi ndings, and a prior military case report of transfusion-transmitted HTLV-I, suggest a need to better defi ne the epidemiology of HTLV in U.S. military personnel to further ensure emergency transfusion safety.

关键词：输血;传染病;T淋巴细胞;突发事件;流行病学;医学;军事人员;病理;监测;病毒

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The study was designed to identify clinically accessible molecular biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) prior to definitive clinical diagnosis using high throughput microRNA technology. Specifically, these studies were meant to identify, characterize, and validate microRNA biomarker species whose content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could help to distinguish TBI cases from the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veteran population. During the past years, we conducted a Biomarker Discovery study using a high-throughput Array chip platform and identified 18 candidate TBI small RNA biomarkers. Using independent Q-PCR assays, we confirmed that 13 of these candidate small RNA biomarker species are, indeed, significantly down-regulated in PBMC of TBI compared to non-TBI control veteran cases. Additionally, we used unsupervised clustering analysis and demonstrated that the differential regulation of these small RNA biomarkers in clinically accessible blood cells is capable of distinguishing between TBI and non-TBI OEF/OIF veteran cases. Lastly, we identified a 3-biomarker panel capable of distinguishing TBI from non-TBI control veteran cases with 89% accuracy 82% selectivity and 78% specificity. The majority of TBI cases in our biomarker study were co-morbid with PTSD, and our non-TBI control cases were selected to match for PTSD diagnosis. Thus, our identified panel of 13 small RNA biomarkers likely represents biological indices selective for TBI. During the past year, we recruited 13 new cases (6 TBI and 7 non-TBI cases). Together with the cases recruited in previous years, we currently have a total of 83 cases, comprised of 17 TBI and 66 non-TBI control cases, which are available for Biomarker Validation studies.

关键词：创伤性脑损伤;退伍军人(军人);阿富汗冲突;分析;血细胞;伊拉克战争;核醣核酸酸;Oif(伊拉克自由行动);Oef(持久自由行动);创伤性脑损伤(创伤性脑损伤);生物标志物

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Scientists have recently focused their attention on adult stem cells as new and more effective treatments for different diseases and disabilities. In fact, it is known that stem cells are capable of renewing themselves and that they can generate multiple cell types. Today, there is new evidence that stem cells are present in far more tissues and organs than once thought and that these cells are capable of developing into more kinds of cells than previously imagined. In this chapter, we focus the attention on teeth as source of stem cells. In particular, we describe the characteristic of the different types of dental stem cells and their use in tissue engineering.

关键词：牙齿干细胞;组织工程;DPSC PDLSC;剥离

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Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex condition associated with diffuse injury to the distal alveolar epithelial gas exchange surface, resulting in marked impairment in the ability to oxygenate blood. Treatment is generally supportive. This condition commonly afflicts patients with cancer. In this regard, cancer patients are especially susceptible to developing acute lung injury (ALI) due to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of chemotherapy and the debilitating effects of cancer. This condition also afflicts military personnel that experience severe trauma or receive multiple transfusions, and also commonly accompanies severe infections. The over-arching goal of our original application was to derive new approaches to treat ALI with an emphasis on developing new modes of mechanical ventilation and developing cell based strategies to directly repair the injured lung. In Project 1, we proposed to optimize so-called variable ventilation with the intent of minimizing the known injurious effects of conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with ALI. In this past year, where this grant has been in a limited no-cost extension, we have not been using DOD funds for Project 1. Based on data generated from this proposal, however we have been able to secure funds from the Coulter foundation to continue this work by performing a limited clinical study on the safety and efficacy of variable ventilation in patients with ALI. Using the funds that have been available in this no-cost extension has permitted us to continue work on Project 2, which is the cell therapy component. For Project 2, we have continued to develop protocols for the identification and derivation of lung stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes in ALI. We also have been identifying other cell populations that can be manipulated to hasten lung repair.

关键词：肺;肺癌;干细胞;输血;细胞(生物学);临床医学;扩散;识别;免疫抑制;传染病;军事人员;患者;治疗;毒性;创伤;通风;创伤和损伤

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This translational epidemiologic study conducted online aims to confirm preclinical data on the chemopreventive potential of chloroquine (aminoquinoline), a well-characterized anti-malarial drug. Exposure to chloroquine, an off-patent anti-malarial drug with a 60-year history of use by millions, reduces the incidence of breast cancer in genetically programmed rats by 37%. About 65% of Peace Corps volunteers received chloroquine prophylactically between 1965 and 1990. Therefore, we will collect chloroquine exposure, breast cancer risk, and breast cancer diagnosis data from returned volunteers who served during this period through an online application. We will characterize participants into chloroquine exposed and unexposed groups, based on country of service and self-reported exposure status. The cost and time efficiencies afforded by this study design will allow the translation of preclinical data on breast cancer chemoprevention into public health and potentially promote the repositioning of a well-characterized and inexpensive drug.

关键词：乳腺癌;氯喹;体内分析;大鼠;风险;化学预防

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Virtual surgical skills trainers are proving to be very useful for the medical training community. With efforts to increase patient safety and surgeon expertise, the need for surgical skills trainers that provide training in an operating room (OR) like condition is now more pressing. To allow for virtual surgery simulators to be instructed in an OR-like setting we have created a large display based immersive surgical simulation environment. Using the Microsoft Kinect we have created a real-time simulation environment that tracks the test user and appropriately adjust the perspective of the virtual OR for an immersive virtual experience.

关键词：体感游戏;头部跟踪;虚拟现实;模拟器

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The mirage of modern medicine (to use Rene Dubos's image) is one facet of the dream of progress as increasing material comfort and mastery over nature, a dream that is drifting into nightmare. The expansionist mindset strives for the gradual and eventually perfect victory over disease, disability, and perhaps even over aging and death. While in this dream state, medicine remains oddly oblivious to the large-scale constraints of ecosystems.

关键词：现代医学；材料；衰老；死亡

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U.S. veterans who were assigned at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, from 1962 to 1979, have expressed concern that their health may have been affected by radiological releases from an onsite nuclear power plant. This report presents the results of the Department of Defense's radiation dose assessment for McMurdo Station veterans who were not monitored for occupational radiation exposure. This assessment determined that the radiation doses were low and the associated probability that disease could have arisen from these doses is also low. Finally, recommendations are provided for McMurdo Station veterans, their dependents, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the Naval Dosimetry Center regarding the VA radiogenic disease claims process.

关键词：辐射剂量;南极地区;接触(生理学);监测;核电站;职业医学;放射性废物;安全;标准;退伍军人(军人);水;退役;剂量重建;麦克默多站

查看摘要 索取原文[128页]

No abstract available.

关键词：军事力量(美国),军事医学;住院;疾病;发病率;创伤

查看摘要 索取原文[33页]