Using simple passive stereovision pin-hole sensors, an effective reactive collision avoidance algorithm is presented in this report for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Both kinematic model as well as point mass models of UAV are considered for system dynamics. The stereovision camera is considered mounted on the UAV. The camera sensors and the obstacle are forming a geometrical configuration and triangulation methods are used to estimate the position and velocity of the obstacle falling under the field of view of the camera sensors. For simplicity, shape of the obstacle is considered as spherical. The position estimation of the obstacle is also carried out by image processing methods wherein the feature points detection, stereo matching and triangulation algorithm are used to compute the 3D reconstruction of obstacle. This method uses the computer vision system toolbox and VRML viewer of MATLAB(registered trademark), Using this we are able to compute the approximate size and centre of the obstacle. This geometrical formulation takes advantage of both 'stereo vision' as well as 'optical flow' signatures and hence it is capable of estimating the range information as well, making its position estimate quite accurate. A large number of simulation studies, which also includes consistency checks for filtering algorithms, leads to the conclusion that this strategy is quite effective in avoiding popup obstacles within a very short time and hence can be very useful for reactive collision avoidance.

关键词：传感器；计算机视觉；无人机；光电探测器

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The primary airborne anti-submarine warfare sensor, the expendable sonobuoy, was developed during World War II in response to the devastating destruction of Allied shipping in the Atlantic caused by German U-boats. The simple radio-linked listening device thrown out of an aircraft in the 1940s proved revolutionary for air ASW. During the decades that followed, the evolution of the acoustic sonobuoy followed a number of directions. From the AN/CRT-1, the first passive omnidirectional broadband sonobuoy of World War II, to the AN/SSQ-53 DIFAR and AN/SSQ-77 VLAD, passive directional narrowband sonobuoys, and the AN/SSQ-62 DICASS, an active directional sonobuoy, of the Cold War, sonobuoys evolved in capability and tactical deployment in response to the increasingly sophisticated Soviet submarine threat. The development of the sonobuoy with its improving technology and in its multiple manifestations is described in counterpoint to the developing threat. The advance of operational concepts from CODAR to Julie and Jezebel to DIFAR are illustrated, and the influence of advances in underwater acoustics and the ocean environment upon sonobuoy design are discussed. The sonobuoy is shown to be a simple, reliable, inexpensive, technically complex, adaptive, and effective device that has been produced by the millions and used for almost seventy years.

关键词：传感器；声波探测器；反潜战；反潜声纳浮标

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We developed novel laser processing of materials studies and techniques. Based on these we achieved demostration of waveguides forming on transparent polycrystalline ceramics. Also, we demonstrated the formation of metallic oxides by very fast delivery of ultra low energy femtosecond laser pulses. Apart of scientific publications, we issued patent applications.

关键词：传感器；陶瓷材料；探测器；激光加工

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A 2.5-mile, concrete test road is planned for construction by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) in 2016. To support the goals of the test road, a comprehensive instrumentation system is required to provide reliable data over a long period. The unique challenges posed by the geographical location and configuration of the test pavement require sensors that can employ long sensor cables without compromising data quality and have limited susceptibility to damage from lightning strike. The research conducted for this report investigated the availability and performance of traditional and emerging instrumentation approaches for the embedded measurement of concrete strains and temperatures. Fiber optic sensors possess features that overcome the specific challenges of the proposed test pavement and were chosen for experimental evaluation alongside the copper-based sensors that have been routinely employed by the State Materials Office (SMO). The candidate strain sensors were initially evaluated in a series of non-embedded tests to assess their measurement capabilities, noise susceptibility, temperature sensitivity, and ease of installation and use. A small concrete test slab was then constructed for longer-term evaluation of the various sensor types in conditions similar to those of the proposed test road. The duration of the test slab experiments (several weeks) exposed the slab to environmentally-induced loads and dynamic wheel loads imposed by a Heavy Vehicle Simulator. The resulting strain and temperature measurements were analyzed to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and robustness of the sensors. The copper and fiber optic strain sensors yielded similar measurement results; however, the fiber optic sensors provided a more streamlined installation and setup process. The cost of the individual fiber optic sensors is higher than the copper sensors; however, the fiber optic sensors require fewer data acquisition (DAQ) units. A hybrid instrumentation plan (copper/fiber optic) is suggested to optimize instrumentation costs while ensuring the measurement needs and data quality requirements of the test pavement are met.

关键词：传感器；数据采集；光纤传感器

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This report discusses the test and evaluation (T&E) efforts that the SSBT Center of Excellence (CoE) performed on commercially available TTWS, and evaluates the performance of an NIJ sponsored prototype TTWS. A description of each device that underwent T&E as well as a description of operational factors that may affect the usability of each device is provided. The results of the T&E activities as well as descriptions of the T&E activities are also provided so interested parties can take into consideration the relevancy of any particular test or set of tests in comparison to their organizations specific needs and intended end use.

关键词：传感器；刑事司法；便携式设备；雷达跟踪

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Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) systems can provide as much as tens of seconds of warning to people and automated systems before strong shaking arrives. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners are developing such an EEW system, called ShakeAlert, for the West Coast of the United States. This document describes the technical implementation of that system, which leverages existing stations and infrastructure of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) regional networks to achieve this new capability. While significant progress has been made in developing the ShakeAlert early warning system, improved robustness of each component of the system and additional testing and certification are needed for the system to be reliable enough to issue public alerts. Major components of the system include dense networks of ground motion sensors, telecommunications from those sensors to central processing systems, algorithms for event detection and alert creation, and distribution systems to alert users. Capital investment costs for a West Coast EEW system are projected to be $38.3M, with additional annual maintenance and operations totaling $16.1M, in addition to current ANSS expenditures for earthquake monitoring. An EEW system is complementary to, but does not replace, other strategies to mitigate earthquake losses. The system has limitations: false and missed alerts are possible, and the area very near to an earthquake epicenter may receive little or no warning. However, such an EEW system would save lives, reduce injuries and damage, and improve community resilience by reducing longer-term economic losses for both public and private entities.

关键词：传感器；预警系统；地震预警（EEW）；地震

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Work under this center grant consisted of 9 projects directed toward the development and translation of biomedical photonics technologies to address Joint Force Health Protection (JFHP) capability gaps for combat trauma and critical care that have been identified by the Secretary as requiring medical R&D. These efforts include Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (DOSI) detection for hemorrhagic shock, cytochrome c oxidase, and dehydration; Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Multiphoton Microscopy (MPM) for evaluation of airway injury; Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SDFI) and Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) for imaging of burns, wounds and reconstructive surgery; a continuous, real time, minimally invasive Lactate/pCO2/pO2 patient sensor; and assessment of nitrosyl-cobinamide with and without low level light therapy for acceleration of wound healing.

关键词：传感器；气道损伤；生物医学；烧伤成像

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In response to changing threats in the region and new opportunities created by advances in missile defense technology, in September 2009 the President announced EPAA, a new policy for ballistic missile defense of Europe. EPAA is designed to rely on increasingly capable missiles, sensors, and command and control systems to defend Europe against threat missiles of various ranges. In its February 2010 Ballistic Missile Defense Review, DOD presented EPAA as part of a broader policy for regional ballistic missile defense, to also include phased adaptive approaches for other regions. MDA is developing and integrating capabilities that will be part of EPAA. U.S. Strategic Command works with the military services and regional combatant commands--such as U.S. European Command for EPAA--to determine whether to accept those capabilities. GAO has issued reports in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 containing assessments of EPAA. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (NDAA) mandated that the Secretary of Defense submit to the congressional defense committees a report describing the status and progress of regional missile defense programs and efforts, including EPAA. GAO was also required to provide views on DOD's report. GAO assessed (1) the extent to which DOD's report addressed specific topics Congress required and (2) acquisition risks, if any, which could affect the planned delivery of capability for EPAA. GAO compared DOD's report to the NDAA and to information gathered about regional ballistic missile defense efforts, and discussed this and the report methodology with DOD officials. GAO analyzed MDA's acquisition documentation for EPAA, comparing documents issued since 2010 to identify capability delays and risks, and met with MDA and DOD officials to clarify and corroborate that material.

关键词：传感器；导弹防御系统；指挥和控制系统；数据采集

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The building sector in the United States accounted for 41% of domestic and 7% of global energy consumption in 2010, with heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) activities consuming approximately 41.4% of the total facility energy consumption. Within the HVAC system, the parasitic energy accounts for one-third of the total energy consumed while heating and cooling accounts for the balance. The fan energy is approximately 85% of the total parasitic energy in the HVAC system. In a laboratory, energy related to ventilation can account for nearly half of the electrical energy demand. A carbon dioxide (CO2)-based demand controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy can reduce the ventilation requirement by monitoring the indoor air quality (IAQ) of a space and modulating the ventilation based on the real-time occupancy. This research presents a tool for laboratory managers to quickly determine if employing a DCV system is potentially life-cycle cost effective. The tool presented is not to be used as sole justification for implementing a DCV system; instead, laboratory managers using this tool will be able to quickly determine if further investigation into DCV installation is warranted. The results show that a DCV system is life-cycle cost effective for many different HVAC system total pressure and square footage combinations.

关键词：传感器；空调设备；空气质量；探测器

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No abstract available.

关键词：传感器；生物化学；探测器；酶；监测

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