This article selects GanSu Province, the weak ecological environment, as the research object.In accordance with the documents research and mathematical statistics, and the "bottom-up" study method., we made an research on energy consumption and the CO2 emission of GanSu province from the tourism travel , tourism accommodation, and tourism activities, respectively.From the result, GanSu's tourism with low-carbon and energy-saving characteristics, accounting for 0.45％ energy consumptions and 0.86％ CO2 emission in that of the GanSu's tourism.It shows that tourism fits in with the requirements of low-carbon tourism development.However, one of the most important factor in the tourism energy consumption and the CO2 emission is the tourism transportation, accounting for 68.83％ energy consumptions and 65.96％ CO2 emission in that of tourism respectively, which should be focus on as the key link in low-carbon tourism development.

关键词：节能；低碳旅游；能源消耗；CO2排放；甘肃省

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This book describes circuit engineering efforts for modern mobile communication. Electronic circuits for latest mass applications like mobile phones and smart phones are realized as so-called systems on chip (SoC). Such SoCs are realized in nanometer CMOS technology and contain a lot of digital circuits for digital signal processing but they also contain analog circuits which often form the key devices for a good over-all performance. The importance of analog filters nowadays is often underestimated. They are, however, still necessary to obtain high-performance wireless receivers and transmitters. In fact, progress in CMOS technology and circuit design allows the revolution in modern mobile communication. Every ten years, a new mobile phone generation is introduced. Recently, LTE (Long Term Evolution) was started by telecom companies to form the 4th generation of mobile phones. Up to 100 Mbit/s are possible with LTE for downloads, which is a much higher data rate than with HSPA+.

关键词：传感器；移动通信电路；滤波器；芯片

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Chaotic signals and systems offer the potential of increased security in digital communications. However, most of the proposed approaches either lack robustness at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (due to the difficulty of synchronizing chaotic signals) or provide a much worse performance than classical techniques based on sinusoidal carrier functions. In this chapter we show how asymptotically optimal estimators, developed for the estimation of chaotic signals generated by discrete chaotic maps and corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), can be applied to improve the performance of digital chaotic communication schemes. First of all, after a brief review of discrete- time chaotic maps and sequences, we derive the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for this problem. Unfortunately, its computational cost grows exponentially with the length of the chaotic sequence, thus rendering it un-feasible for moderate/large sequences. Therefore, asymptotically optimal esti-mators, based on well-known signal processing techniques, such as censoring approaches or the Viterbi algorithm (VA), with a reduced computational cost, are developed. Finally, we show how these methods can be applied to improve the performance of digital chaotic communications schemes based on the iter- ation of discrete-time chaotic maps, focusing on a recently proposed symbolic coding technique based on backward iteration.

关键词：传感器；混沌信号与系统；噪声比；SNR

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In digital communications, either fixed, chaotic, or random, analog waveforms of finite duration are used to carry the information. To optimize a waveform communications system or determine its noise performance in analytic form, mathematical models of modulation and detection have to be developed. This chapter extends the conventional waveform communications concept to chaotic communications. A common property of chaotic modulation schemes, namely, the estimation problem that, if not prevented, corrupts the noise performance of chaotic communications systems, is discussed. Then, introducing the Fourier analyzer concept, a received signal space is defined in which every received signal either deterministic, chaotic, or random can be represented. Finally a step-by-step approach is given for the derivation of different detection algorithms. As examples, the derivations of coherent, averaged optimum noncoherent, and autocorrelation detection algorithms and detector configurations are shown. To show the feasibility of chaotic communications, an FM-DCSK data communications system operating in the 2.4-GHz ISM band is implemented. The FM-DCSK transceiver is implemented in software and a universal hardware device is used to convert the signals between the RF domain and baseband.

关键词：传感器；数字通信；数据通信系统；模拟波形

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This work presents a framework for quasi-decentralized model predictive control (MPC) design with an adaptive communication strategy. In this framework, each unit of the networked process system is controlled by a local control system for which the measurements of the local process state are available at each sampling instant. And we aim to minimize the cross communication between each local control system and the sensors of the other units via the communication network while preserving stability and certain level of control system performance. The quasi-decentralized MPC scheme is designed on the basis of distributed Lyapunov-based bounded control with sampled measurements and then the stability properties of each closed-loop subsystem are characterized. By using this obtained characterization, an adaptive communication strategy is proposed that forecasts the future evolution of the local process state within each local control system. Whenever the forecast shows signs of instability of the local process state, the measurements of the entire process state are transmitted to update the model within this particular control system to ensure stability; otherwise, the local control system will continue to rely on the model within the local MPC controller. The implementation of this theoretical framework is demonstrated using a simulated networked chemical process.

关键词：传感器；准分散模型；MFC；MPC

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This paper introduces a residence design in subtropical region. It uses several new techniques to build a low carbon and liveable house. It also gives many calculations to prove its energy-saving and efficiency.

关键词：节能；低碳；单体式住宅；亚热带地区

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Security in communications is currently a field of particular importance. As computational power increases significantly each year, the software safety measures against eavesdroppers is consistently evaluated and upgraded. Various cryptographic methods are consistently used to protect all types of data transferred through intranet and internet links. Such cryptographic techniques are based on number theory or algebraic models. Secret key cryptography uses a secret key, such as the data encryption standard (DES) and the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms, in which both sender and receiver use the same key to encrypt and decrypt. Despite the speed of this method, getting the secret key to the recipient in the first place is a problem that is often handled by a public-key procedure.

关键词：传感器；通信安全；数据加密标准

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In this chapter, we propose an adaptive equalization scheme for a chaos-based digital communication system. The studied system is a discrete-time version of the one proposed by Wu and Chua that has recently been considered for optical applications. Due to the nonlinear characteristics of the transmitters and receivers and the lack of robustness of chaos synchronization, even minor channel imperfections are enough to hinder communication. Adaptive equalization is succinctly reviewed by focusing on the normalized least-mean-squares (NLMS) algorithm, which is extended to fit the studied chaotic communication system. Simulation results show that the proposed chaotic NLMS can successfully equalize the channel.

关键词：传感器；数字通信系统；最小均方（NLMS）算法

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This paper presents background on the research and development that has led to the concept of the Sensor for Environmental Assessment (SEA Buoy). It begins with references to initial data gathering missions under the Harsh Environment Program (HEP) and then proceeds to describe the Air-Expendable Multi-Parameter Environmental Probe (AEMEP), the Tactical Acoustic Measurement (TAM) sonobuoy, and the TAM Decision Aid (TAMDA) programs. It outlines the achievements of those efforts and then describes the progress made and status of the SEA buoy. The characteristics, features, and capabilities of the first article test units delivered in June 2009 are discussed. This includes a summary of the in-buoy signal processing features, a discussion of the acoustic dynamic range, and a review of the present and potential future capabilities of the stores module. A brief summary of the testing to date (April 2011) is also included. A recommendation is provided to continue the development of the SEA buoy as a crucial tool in the effective use of active and passive acoustics in Air ASW.

关键词：传感器；声学测量；信号处理

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The objective of this proposal is to design and characterize components for utilization in a 94GHz temperature compensated low noise amplifier (LNA) using a 45nm SOI CMOS technology. A ring oscillator based temperature sensor will be designed to compensate for gain variations over temperature. For comparison to a competing solution, a temperature sensor will also be developed in 90nm CMOS to be utilized in conjunction with a III-V based 94 GHz LNA.

关键词：传感器；第三组化合物；金属氧化物半导体；半导体

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