The spread of cool roofing has been more than prolific over the last decade. Driven by public demand and by government initiatives, cool roofing has been a recognized low cost method to reduce energy demand by reflecting sunlight away from structures and back into the atmosphere. By use of commonly available calculators, one can analyze the potential energy savings based on environmental conditions and construction practices.

关键词：节能；冷负荷；冷屋面；能源消耗

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A wireless sensor network (WSN) is categorized as three-dimensional (3D) when the variation in the height of deployed sensor nodes is not negligible as compared to length and breadth of deployment field. Localization is one of the fundamental components of any wireless sensor application. A localization algorithm estimates the position of a node by using information provided/inferred from anchor beacons, reference nodes or neighbors connectivity. The effectiveness of a localization algorithm is usually determined in terms of accuracy, resilience to node failure, computational cost, messaging overhead, hardware constraints and deployment practicality. This survey overviews the major recent work done in the field of localization in 3D WSNs. The major contribution of this work is to present all the major 3D (generic, airborne, terrestrial and submerged) localization schemes in a single literature along with their relative strengths and weaknesses.

关键词：无线传感器网络；三维；传感器节点；硬件约束

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The growing number of small prosumers, progress in construction of the renewable energy sources and opening of the energy markets lead to development of the concept of a microgrid. To increase efficiency of electricity consumption, production, and trading, energy managing systems (EMS) are being developed. In this paper we present a project of a complex EMS that will combine load scheduling, power balancing and smart trading methods to optimize electric energy costs of running a simulated research and education center. We present a concept of a distributed Agent-based Power Balancing System that controls the power flow in a microgrid by decentralized and distributed decision making. The program optimizes the operating (exploitation) cost of the devices in the microgrid by internally balancing, as much as possible, the produced and consumed power and by trading the remaining energy excesses or deficits on the external market. Agents associated with the devices cooperate using communication protocols. Their aim is to use the energy from renewable energy sources whenever it is only available, and at the same time limit use of the energy from the sources that are more expensive and less environment friendly.

关键词：传感器；智能电网；微网；产消者；能源管理

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Intelligent firefly algorithm (IFA) is a novel global optimization algorithm that aims to improve the performance of the firefly algorithm (FA), which was inspired by the flashing communication signals among firefly swarms. This chapter introduces the IFA modification and evaluates its performance in comparison with the original algorithm in twenty multi-dimensional benchmark problems. The results of those numerical experiments show that IFA outperformed FA in terms of reliability and effectiveness in all tested benchmark problems. In some cases, the global minimum could not have been successfully identified via the firefly algorithm, except with the proposed modification for FA.

关键词：全局优化；自然灵感的方法；智能算法萤火虫；传感器

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Decomposition and defluorination of PFCs in wastewater by photo-induced hydrated electrons was well and firstly investigated in this paper.In this work the proposed method was tested to deal with PFCs containing wastewaters from a Teflon-manufacturing plant in Jiangsu Province, China.95.5％ of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was decomposed after 12 hours treatment and defluorination rate of PFCs could reach about 60％.PFCs were transformed into harmless fluoride, acetic acid and formic acid.It was suggested this system can efficiently decompose PFCs from fluorine chemical plant.In brief, this study demonstrates that the photo-reduction is a high efficient, energy-saving method which produced less-toxic products for PFCs removal, compared with activated carbon absorption and combustion.

关键词：节能；水合电子；全氟化碳；氟化工厂；光还原法

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Through data collation and results analysis,obtains thermal comfort superiority and energy-saving potential of the reduced radiation air conditioning.The results show that the temperature distribution in the room stalled by the reduced radiation units is uniform, without sense of temperature difference and ventilation, providing an ultra-comfortable environment and that the indoor setting temperature can be up to 27℃ on the premise of meeting comfort requirement.At the same time, air supply of low temperature can be achieved without condensation, reflecting the energy-saving potential of the system.These provide a reference for design of the induced radiation air conditioning system and further study.

关键词：节能；诱导辐射单元；热舒适性；PMV-PPD分析

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The results showed that:applying Oxygen-enriched combustion technology to the existing cement clinker calcined equipments,the coal powder consumption,the volume of flue gas and CO2 concentration in the flue gas of unit cement clinker occurred regular changes,When the O2 concentration increased from 21％ to 30％,the coal powder consumption decreased by 17.78％,the flue gas volume was reduced by 12.73％ and the CO2 concentration in the flue gas increased to 76.57％.If the enterprise used the oxygen-enriched atmosphere of O2 concentration for 30％ to form the coal combustion,it can save coal about 71.87 t/d,equipment production capacity increase by 41.75％ and capture CO2 products about 2662 t.Every year,this resulted in the profit increasing 103 million yuan.

关键词：节能；富氧燃烧；水泥；经济预测

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Social Network (SN) represents the relationship among the social entities, like friends, co-workers, co-authors. Online Social Network (OSN) sites attracted the people who are scattered all over the world. It is an application of web 2.0, which facilitates the users to interact among themselves, nevertheless of considering the geographical locations. Hence, these sites are having unprecedented growth. The members of these sites can establish networking by viewing the profiles of similar-interested persons. A blog is a content posted over a website or a web page, usually arranged in reverse chronological order. Blogs which are hosted by using specialized mobile devices like iPad, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), are called mobile blogs (or shortly called moblog). A moblog facilitates habitual bloggers to post write-ups directly from their phones even when "on-the-move". There are different ways to establish the communication among the users of social networking sites and to form the social networking environment among them. One such way is through blog posts hosted on a website. The habitual users who responded to a blog post can be connected by links between them and this structure will grow as a network. Hence, the users (responders) will form the graph structure. An interesting research phenomenon from such an environment would be to extract a subgraph of users based on some common property, and such structure can be called as communities. Discovering communities by partitioning a graph into subgraph is an NP-hard problem. Hence, a machine learning method, clustering, is applied to discover communities from the graph of social network which is formed from the mobile bloggers.

关键词：传感器；社交网络；移动博客；计算智能；图聚类

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The LED lamps replace traditional lamps is the direction of development domestic and abroad.It mainly introduced the LED lamp brightness control method from the aspect of software,then research and production of the LED efficient drive based on a IC chip digital boost constant current regulator,for the actual driving high power LED.It was realized 6 level control on the brightness of LED.The microcontroller controls D/A converter to make the output different voltage values through software programming,and then adjusts the DC/DC conversion circuit current size,finally implements LED brightness control.The experimental makes it possible to have the lamp with adjustable brightness,energy saving,achieve a wide range of voltage,current constant and So on.

关键词：节能；LED灯；恒流驱动；单片微机

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in applications such as event detection, environment monitoring, target tracking, and home automation. Typically, manually deployed sensors measure environmental information, e.g., temperature, image, and wind speed, etc., and transmit noisy versions of these measurements over wireless fading channels to the local intelligent control center (ICC), in which an estimation of these state measurements is obtained and thus related control operations are conducted. This chapter investigates physical layer communications of WSNs in two parts:(1) Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) capacity optimization under the coexistence with the OFDM-based wireless communication system-IEEE 802.11n. The optimal power allocation scheme is presented by using the water-filling algorithm with Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, which is also compared with a traditional equal power allocation scheme;(2) sensor selection schemes for the parameter estimation in energy-constrained WSNs. To prolong the network lifetime and optimize the power consumption, only sensors experiencing favorable conditions will participate in the estimation process. And two sensor selection schemes are proposed to improve the estimation performance.

关键词：传感器；无线传感器网络；无线衰落信道；环境监测

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