Dengue fever is a major problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Laboratory examination is used to diagnose dengue infection and to monitor disease progression. Hematology tests, such as platelet count, are also used for timely recognition of the development of severe dengue. In primary health care centers platelet counting is typically performed manually, which is labor intensive and requires an experienced laboratory technician. To address this challenge, we have developed an automatic platelet counter for primary health care and resource-poor settings. The technology is based on a conventional microscope equipped with a digital camera linked to a personal computer, which can capture and analyze microscope images of blood samples. To evaluate the accuracy of the technology, it was compared to platelet counts performed manual by an experienced laboratory technician. Statistical analysis shows no difference between the techniques with a kappa coefficient of 0.6. This method is judged to have great potential as a tool to help primary health centers and other facilities with limited resources to deal with the burden of dengue.

关键词：登革热；血小板计数；计算机图像分析；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[4页]

Successful health information technology (HIT) implementations need to be informed on the context of use and on users' attitudes. To this end, we developed the CLinical Computer Systems Survey (CLICS) instrument. CLICS reflects a socio-technical view of HIT adoption, and is designed to encompass all members of the clinical team. We used the survey in a large English hospital as part of its internal evaluation of the implementation of an electronic patient record system (EPR). The survey revealed extent and type of use of the EPR; how it related to and integrated with other existing systems; and people's views on its use, usability and emergent safety issues. Significantly, participants really appreciated 'being asked'. They also reminded us of the wider range of administrative roles engaged with EPR. This observation reveals pertinent questions as to our understanding of the boundaries between administrative tasks and clinical medicine - what we propose as the field of 'administrative medicine'.

关键词：卫生信息技术；调查；医院；行政医药

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

This document provides a set of model protocols for determining energy and demand savings that result from specific energy efficiency measures implemented through state and utility efficiency programs. The methods described here are approaches that areor are amongthe most commonly used in the energy efficiency industry for certain measures or programs. As such, they draw from the existing body of research and best practices for energy efficiency program evaluation, measurement, and verification (EM&V). These protocols were developed as part of the Uniform Methods Project (UMP), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The principal objective for the project was to establish easy-to-follow protocols based on commonly accepted methods for a core set of commonly deployed energy efficiency measures.

关键词：节能；电气设施；UMP；项目评估；协议

查看摘要 索取原文[381页]

We developed a detailed steady-state system model, to simulate the performance of an integrated five-zone Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)heat pump system. The system is multi-functional, capable of space cooling, space heating, combined space cooling and water heating, and dedicated water heating. Methods were developed to map the VRF performance in each mode, based on the data produced by the equipment system model. The performance maps were used in TRNSYS annual energy simulations. Using TRNSYS, we have successfully setup and run cases for a multiple-split, VRF heat pump and dehumidifier combination in 5-zone houses in 5 climates that control indoor dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. We compared the calculated energy consumptions for the VRF heat pump against that of a baseline central air source heat pump, coupled with electric water heating and standalone dehumidifiers. In addition, we investigated multiple control scenarios for the VRF heat pump, i.e. on/off control, variable indoor air flow rate, and using different zone temperature setting schedules, etc. The energy savings for the multiple scenarios were assessed.

关键词：节能；制冷剂；空调；热泵；温度控制

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

This project evaluates and documents the DR performance of an HPWH as compared to an ERWH for two primary types of DR events: peak curtailments and balancing reserves. The experiments were conducted with General Electric (GE) second-generation Brillion-enabled GeoSpring hybrid water heaters in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Lab Homes2, with one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Standard electric resistance mode to represent the baseline and one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Heat Pump mode to provide the comparison to heat pump-only DR. Signals were sent simultaneously to the two water heaters in the side-by-side PNNL Lab Homes under highly controlled, simulated occupancy conditions. It is expected that Hybrid DR performance, which would engage both the heat pump and electric elements, could be interpolated from these two experimental extremes.

关键词：节能；热泵；热水器；混合系统；响应；性能评估

查看摘要 索取原文[88页]

One purpose of the long-term monitoring of this project was to show to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning contractors and mechanical system designers the performance benefits of this type of system, with the hope that they will incorporate these practices into their system designs moving forward. One year of temperature measurements in three rooms indicates that the temperature difference between the measured locations and the thermostat were within the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Manual RS (Rutkowski 1997) recommendations 90.3% of the time in heating mode and 100% of the time in cooling mode. The air distribution system is operating efficiently with average delivered temperatures adequate to facilitate proper heating and cooling and only minor average temperature differences observed between the systems plenum and farthest register. The results show that the compact spider branch design provided adequate heating and cooling in addition to lower installation costs. Despite initial contractor resistance, this is a recommended design, and future research should investigate methods of outreach to mechanical installers and designers to encourage them to incorporate this design in their homes.

关键词：节能；建筑；能源效率；监控

查看摘要 索取原文[23页]

This chapter describes the use of different sensor technologies that can identify cells, tissues, microorganisms, and organelles. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor, whole-cell and cell array biosensors, antibody-immobilized microcantilever (MC) resonators, enzyme-based biosensors and nanoparticles (NPs), aptamers, luminescent biosensors, photonic crystal microcavity biosensors, nanomaterials and biosensors, microwire sensors, and oligoaziridine biosensors are described with applications on living cells or microorganisms. Their principles have been explained along with their mode of action.

关键词：生物传感器；细胞；微生物；组织

查看摘要 索取原文[30页]

An increasing amount of public interest in environmental monitoring programmes is being focused on the environmental impact of radiation arising from nuclear power operations and the corresponding detection of slight variations in the natural radiation background. The primary objective of individual monitoring for external radiation is to assess, and thus limit, radiation doses to individual workers. Supplementary objectives are to provide information about the trends of these doses and about the conditions in places of work and to give information in the event of accidental exposure. Depending on the kind of radiation hazard, the ICRP recommended maximum permissible dose (MPD) values. These are the maximum dose equivalent values, which are not expected to cause appreciable body injury to a person during his lifetime. Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) has been developed during 1960-70 for various applications in medicine and industry. TLD, the most advanced and most intensively studied integrating dosimeter system, has now reached the stage at which it may replace or supplement film dosimetry. TLD systems are widely applied to environmental monitoring programmes near nuclear installations. TLD systems with high reproducibility in the milli roentgen dose range are required in order to measure exposures equal to that resulting from an exposure rate of 10μR h~(-1) during field periods of from several days up to a year. A brief list of applications specific to radiation oncology is given here. In radiation oncology dosimetric accuracy demanded is of the order of 2-5%. TLDs offer a clear solution since their precision meets this criteria.

关键词：医药；辐射剂量测定；热释光剂量计；人员监控；放射诊断

查看摘要 索取原文[20页]

This research presents a tool for laboratory managers to quickly determine if employing a DCV system is potentially life-cycle cost effective. The tool presented is not to be used as sole justification for implementing a DCV system; instead, laboratory managers using this tool will be able to quickly determine if further investigation into DCV installation is warranted. The results show that a DCV system is life-cycle cost effective for many different HVAC system total pressure and square footage combinations.

关键词：节能；空调设备；建筑；生命周期成本

查看摘要 索取原文[133页]

VCM (Visualization of Concept in Medicine) is an iconic language for representing key medical concepts by icons. However, the use of this language with reference terminologies, such as SNOMED CT, will require the mapping of its icons to the terms of these terminologies. Here, we present and evaluate a semi-automatic semantic method for the mapping of SNOMED CT concepts to VCM icons. Both SNOMED CT and VCM are compositional in nature; SNOMED CT is expressed in description logic and VCM semantics are formalized in an OWL ontology. The proposed method involves the manual mapping of a limited number of underlying concepts from the VCM ontology, followed by automatic generation of the rest of the mapping. We applied this method to the clinical findings of the SNOMED CT CORE subset, and 100 randomly-selected mappings were evaluated by three experts. The results obtained were promising, with 82 of the SNOMED CT concepts correctly linked to VCM icons according to the experts. Most of the errors were easy to fix.

关键词：医药；SNOMED CT；计算机图形学；非语言沟通

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]