关键词：生物传感器；细胞；微生物；组织
摘 要：This chapter describes the use of different sensor technologies that can identify cells, tissues, microorganisms, and organelles. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor, whole-cell and cell array biosensors, antibody-immobilized microcantilever (MC) resonators, enzyme-based biosensors and nanoparticles (NPs), aptamers, luminescent biosensors, photonic crystal microcavity biosensors, nanomaterials and biosensors, microwire sensors, and oligoaziridine biosensors are described with applications on living cells or microorganisms. Their principles have been explained along with their mode of action.