Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes lower respiratory infections among infants and young children worldwide (1). During 19972006, an estimated 132,000172,000 children aged <5 years were hospitalized for RSV infection annually in the United States (2). In temperate climate zones, RSV generally circulates during the fall, winter, and spring (3), but the exact timing and duration of RSV seasons vary by region and year. To determine seasonal trends in the circulation of RSV at national and regional levels, data collected by the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) were analyzed. For 201112, the RSV season onset ranged from late October to mid-January and season offset ranged from early March to early May in all 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regions, excluding Florida. Florida is reported separately because it has an earlier season onset and longer duration than the rest of the country. For data reported as of January 7, 2013, RSV onset for the 201213 season occurred in all but one of the HHS regions by December 15, 2012. Seasonal patterns remained consistent with previous years and demonstrated the usual differences in RSV circulation among HHS regions. Healthcare providers and public health officials can use information on RSV circulation to guide diagnostic testing and timing of RSV immunoprophylaxis for children at high risk for severe respiratory infection.

关键词：呼吸道感染；婴儿；呼吸道合胞病毒；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[16页]

Based on CATIA software to create a virtual car assembly line,the virtual assembly technology briefly analyzed state development,pointed out the role of actual production used virtual assembly technology,combined an instance of the car door assembly works with lots of human factors analysis.Through assembly modeling,simulation,analysis and optimization,aimed to reduce labor intensity,decline action fatigues,acquire the best assembly path to improve the productivity and quality of assembly of the car assembly quality.

关键词：汽车；装配车门；人为因素

查看摘要 索取原文[4页]

In this criteria document, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reviews the critical health effects studies of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds in order to update its assessment of the potential health effects of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds and its recommendations to prevent and control these workplace exposures. NIOSH reviews the following aspects of workplace exposure to Cr(VI) compounds: the potential for exposures (Chapter 2), analytical methods and considerations (Chapter 3), human health effects (Chapter 4), experimental studies (Chapter 5), and quantitative risk assessments (Chapter 6). Based on evaluation of this information, NIOSH provides recommendations for a revised recommended exposure limit (REL) for Cr(VI) compounds (Chapter 7) and other recommendations for risk management (Chapter 8).

关键词：六价铬化合物；对健康的影响；生物效应；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[167页]

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) is concentrated on autophagic vesicles and recruits effector proteins critical for this process. The production of PI(3)P by the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Vps34, has been well established; however, phosphatases which antagonize this early step in autophagy are not clear. To identify such enzymes, we screened human phosphatase genes by RNA interference (RNAi) and found that loss of PTPsigma, a dual-domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), increases cellular PI(3)P. Accordingly, we discovered that loss of PTPsigma hyperactivates both constitutive and induced autophagy. Finally, we found that PTPsigma localizes to PI(3)P-positive membranes in cells and this vesicular localization is enhanced during autophagy. Our findings propose a novel role for PTPsigma and provide insight into the regulation of autophagy. Mechanistic knowledge of this process is critical for understanding and targeting therapies for several human diseases, including prostate cancer, in which abnormal autophagy may be pathological.

关键词：前列腺癌；细胞；疾病；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[33页]

An evaluation system of vehicle traveling state was proposed,and an unsafe vehicle traveling state recognition system was established using multi-level information fusion method.In view of the effects of the complexity of the driving environment,a variety of working conditions and the diversity of vehicle traveling characteristics,combing BP neural network with Dempster Sharer evidence theory technique,the multi-information decision-level fusion was proposed to estimate the different kind model of the vehicle status.To verify the proposed strategies,the vehicle traveling posture evaluation system was established.The lane departure parameters and the relative distance parameters were studied in order to get the characterization of the vehicle traveling status information.The simulation results indicate that the adaptability and accuracy and the intelligence level of driving characterization estimation are significantly improved by using the pattern classification and decision technology of multi-source information fusion.

关键词：汽车；信息融合；评价

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

The threat of bioterrorism and the use of biological weapons against both military personnel and civilian populations has become an increasing concern for governments around the world. The 1984 Rajneeshee Salmonella attack, 2001 anthrax letter attacks, 2003 SARS outbreak, 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic, and the current US flu epidemic all illustrate our vulnerability to both deliberate and natural outbreaks of infectious disease and underscore the necessity of effective antimicrobial and antiviral therapeutics. The prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains and the ease by which antibiotic resistance can be engineered into bacteria further highlights the need for continued development of novel antibiotics against new bacterial targets. This research project directly addresses this need through the development of a broad spectrum inhibitor of the biothreat agents Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. During this period of performance, we have successfully cloned, expressed, purified and enzymatically characterized the Yersinia pestis IspC (aka MEP synthase), a validated target for the development of new broad spectrum antibiotics. This characterization enabled us to establish conditions for screening an in-house natural product library, and through this screening effort we have identified inhibitor-leads for the enzyme. We have performed detailed kinetic evaluation of one of these leads and have deduced that this new inhibitor is the founding member of a novel class of IspC inhibitors; functioning by binding to a previously undiscovered allosteric site on the enzyme (i.e. this new inhibitor binds the enzyme at a site outside of the active site). As an allosteric site has never been described for any IspC homolog, this exciting discovery affords the development of a completely new family of antibiotics targeting the IspC enzyme.

关键词：抗生素；细菌；生物战；化学弹药；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[11页]

Dietary supplements, such as vitamins and botanical products, are a multibillion dollar industry; national data show that over half of all U.S. adults consume them. FDA regulates dietary supplements and generally relies on postmarket surveillance, such as monitoring AERs, to identify potential concerns. Since December 2007, firms receiving a serious AER have had to report on it to FDA within 15 days. In January 2009, GAO reported that FDA had taken several steps to implement AER requirements and had recommended actions to help FDA identify and act on safety concerns for dietary supplements. GAO was asked to examine FDA's use of AERs in overseeing dietary supplements. This report examines the (1) number of AERs FDA has received since 2008, their source, and types of products identified; (2) actions FDA has taken to ensure that firms are complying with AER requirements; (3) extent to which FDA is using AERs to initiate and support its consumer protection efforts; and (4) extent to which FDA has implemented GAO's 2009 recommendations. GAO analyzed FDA data, reviewed FDA guidance, and interviewed FDA officials.

关键词：营养；饮食；维生素；膳食补充剂；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[69页]

The risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) associated with on-the-job operation of motor vehicles or exposure to road traffic hazards affects millions of workers in the United States, and this risk cuts across all industries and occupations. MVCs are consistently the leading cause of worker fatalities, affecting workers who drive all types of motor vehicles during their work day . passenger cars, heavy trucks, fire apparatus, and many others. A wide variety of interventions may be applied to prevent work-related MVCs: administrative controls such as seat belt policies, distracted-driving policies, pre-trip vehicle checks, driver training, reduced travel, and fatigue management; and engineering controls such as more crashworthy vehicles, advanced driver assistance systems, or active safety systems. Questions remain as to which are the most effective interventions to protect workers from risks of work-related MVCs. Through strategic planning, research, collaborations with stakeholders, and communication of research results and prevention, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is working to ensure that recommended solutions to prevent work-related MVCs and resulting injuries are based on sound research and are clearly communicated to employers and workers. The NIOSH Center for Motor Vehicle Safety (CMVS) is the focal point for activities within the Institute that address this pressing occupational safety problem. The CMVS was designated in December 2010 to strengthen and sustain the Institute's research and prevention activities to reduce work-related motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. It is a 'virtual' Center through which researchers from across the Institute and external partners from government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, labor, and industry bring complementary expertise to identify crash risk factors, develop and evaluate workplace interventions to prevent crashes, and communicate the results to employers and other stakeholders. The NIOSH CMVS is guided by the vision that: All workers who are exposed to hazards of motor vehicle traffic while working have the highest possible levels of protection from the risk of motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries. The primary purpose of the 5-year strategic plan for the NIOSH CMVS is to define the priority areas for research and prevention initiatives through 2018.

关键词：汽车；机动车安全；战略预防

查看摘要 索取原文[35页]

We finished the miniature electric touring car chassis structure finite element analysis.Mainly for the miniature electric touring car chassis uniform rectilinear driving condition,the distribution of deformation and stress analysis,According to the above data to optimize the chassis structure,and verified the rationality.

关键词：汽车；底盘；结构优化

查看摘要 索取原文[4页]

Ten structure-based pharmacophore models of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors were generated by LigandSeout based on COX-2 inhibitor complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB).The potential COX-2 inhibitors were identified from traditional Chinese medicine with the method of combinatorial screening with ten models.Based on the screening results of MDDR and the metrics of E,A％ and comprehensive appraisal index (CAI),the threshold of hit frequency of molecules was defined and used to identify the active molecules from Chinese herbs.The molecules hit by not less than six pharmacophore models were taken as the screening objects of COX-2 inhibitor,and 1103 molecules were obtained.

关键词：环氧化酶2；基于结构的药效；多种药效的组合筛选；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]