Clear communication of information is a compulsory issue in disaster risk management. This section highlights the development of interactive tools to constantly present the most recent geo-database with multi-scale and multi-source approaches, and user-oriented graphical interfaces for simple and quick data management. A client-server structure is used to customize geo-data accessibility rights and interaction and a WebGIS service architecture is designed to offer data accessibility and effective dissemination to the user community. Different solutions are presented using a common open source environment and interoperability plug-ins: (1) WebRiskCity is an educational kit on multi-hazard risk assessment, (2) Barcelonn@ supports risk management with interoperability on spatial data and metadata, (3) Historic? is a prototype to spatially compare historical natural events and population trends, and (4) MultiRISK Visualisation Tool is a service to automatically publish multi-hazard risk analysis outcomes produced by the MultiRISK Modelling Tool.

关键词：沟通；通信；地理信息；可视化工具

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关键词：多播；通信应用；带宽；流量控制

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The chapter discusses issues related to the implementation of the different steps of the cognitive cycle, especially focusing on reasoning, and applies this to energy saving for green networking. The application of cognition to networking and communications can be readily implemented into current TCP/IP networks. Indeed, the use of the cognitive paradigm represents a way: (ⅰ) to address the multiple temporal and spatial fluctuations in the operation of a network, and (ⅱ) to gain and take advantage of additional causal information related to the network configuration and its performance. Network performance is a multi-faceted concept, including simple measures such as throughput as well as far more complicated or subjective measures such as user-level QoS. Recently, an additional parameter has been added to this equation: energy consumption. The need for identifying suitable methodologies to optimize performance from the above viewpoints, also including the contradictory requirement to save energy, is driving research interests towards the emergence of "green networks". Green networking represents an appropriate scenario where cognition and associated radio adaptation can immensely contribute to the given objectives. This chapter describes how cognitive networking can be implemented to support green network operation, proposing a test case demonstrating its potential in a 3G cellular context. Experimental results based on real traffic data demonstrate the capability of a 3G base station to implement cognition to the purpose to save energy without any a-priori information.

关键词：认知循环；推理；绿色网络；通信

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In modern mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, multiple wireless communication standards are supported. Since many of those standards operate at the licence free 2.4GHz ISM band, these standards use different modulation schemes and error correcting techniques in order to avoid interference when communicating over a wireless link (WIFI, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy...). For commercial use, these techniques are sufficient, but for industrial or medical use, in perhaps life threatening circumstances, all communications should perform at peak efficiency whilst not influencing each other. In this paper, a case study is presented where a healthcare setting is envisioned in which a WIFI network is deployed and used for medical purposes. We investigate the influence of a lot of transceiving Bluetooth Low Energy devices on the WIFI throughput, and vice versa. Conclusions and suggestions about the coexistance of both standards are also given.

关键词：移动设备；智能手机；无线通信标准；WIFI网络

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By fostering continuous learning experiences blended with entertaining affordances, serious games have been able to shape new virtual contexts for human psychological growth and well-being. Thus, they can be considered as Positive Technologies. Positive Technology is an emergent field based on both theoretical and applied research, whose goal is to investigate how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be used to empower the quality of personal experience. In particular, serious games can influence both individual and interpersonal experiences by nurturing positive emotions, and promoting engagement, as well as enhancing social integration and connectedness. An in-depth analysis of each of these aspects will be presented in the chapter, with the support of concrete examples. Networked flow, a specific state where social well-being is associated with group flourishing and peak creative states, will eventually be considered along with game design practices that can support its emergence.

关键词：积极心理学；积极的技术；严肃游戏；网络流量

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The combination of watermarking schemes with visual cryptography has been recently used for the copyright protection of digital images. The derived schemes try to satisfy the increasing need for the security of multimedia data, caused in turn by the enormous amount of digital information that is daily created and distributed over different kinds of communication channels. Watermarking is generally used to insert "secret" information into an original image, with different purposes and different features, usually as a means to assess the ownership of the modified image. Visual cryptography refers to a way to decompose a secret image into shares and distribute them to a number of participants, so that only legitimate subsets of participants can reconstruct the original image by combining their shares. The combination of both techniques can provide some important solutions for tampering verification and the resolution of disputes on the ownership of a given image, as provided by several proposals appeared in literature. In this work we present a general model for the watermarking schemes obtained from the combination with visual cryptography Furthermore we discuss also the improved robustness such schemes can achieve, trying to analyze the effects that random or induced errors can have on the reconstructed watermark. Finally, some possible extensions of the combined approach are also introduced considering different visual cryptographic schemes and their possible applications in new scenarios.

关键词：视觉密码；数字水印；通信；版权保护

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The InvA tool supports the deductive verification of safety properties of infinite-state concurrent systems. Given a concurrent system specified as a rewrite theory and a safety formula to be verified, InvA reduces such a formula to inductive properties of the underlying equational theory by means of the application of a few inference rules. Through the combination of various techniques such as unification, narrowing, equationally-defined equality predicates, and SMT solving, InvA achieves a significant degree of automation, verifying automatically many proof obligations. Maude Inductive Theorem Prover (ITP) can be used to discharge the remaining obligations which are not automatically verified by InvA. Verification of the reliable communication ensured by the Alternating Bit Protocol (ABP) is used as a case study to explain the use of the InvA tool, and to illustrate its effectiveness and degree of automation in a concrete way.

关键词：并发系统；安全性；通信；莫德感应定理

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The latest sensor, actuator, and wireless communication technologies make it feasible to build systems that can operate in challenging environments, but we argue in this paper that the foundations needed to support the design of such systems are not well developed. Traditional models based on strong computing primitives, such as atomic transactions, should be replaced by weaker models such as the partially ordered knowledge sharing model, which we motivate in this paper and put into context of existing research. We also introduce a general probabilistic semantics for our model and the flavor of its specialization to characterize fractionated systems, an interesting class of systems with a potentially large number of redundantly operating components that can be programmed independently of the actual number that is deployed or ODerational at runtime.

关键词：传感器；执行器；无线通信技术；知识共享

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A novel intelligent online demand management system is discussed in this chapter for peak load management in low voltage residential distribution networks based on the smart grid concept. The discussed system also regulates the network voltage, balances the power in three phases and coordinates the energy storage within the network. This method uses low cost controllers, with two-way communication interfaces, installed in costumers' premises and at distribution transformers to manage the peak load while maximizing customer satisfaction. A multi-objective decision making process is proposed to select the load(s) to be delayed or controlled. The efficacy of the proposed control system is verified by a MATLAB-based simulation which includes detailed modeling of residential loads and the network.

关键词：智能电网；需求管理；负荷调峰；电压控制；功率平衡

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In the last decade, the demand of micro products and miniaturization has seen a wide spread growth. Currently, micro products and micro features are produced through conventional macro scale ultra-precision machines and MEMS manufacturing techniques. These technologies have limitations as conventional machining centers consume large energy and space. For mass production of micro components using non-silicon materials and real 3D shapes or free-form surfaces, mechanical micro manufacturing technology based machine tools are developed as an alternative method. The principle of "Small equipment for small parts" is gaining trend towards the investigation on micro-machine tools. One example of miniaturization of manufacturing equipment and systems is the Japanese micro-factory concept. Few micro-machines and associated handling micro grippers and transfer arms are developed to create micro-factory. The manufacturing processes are performed in a desktop factory environment. To explore the micro-factory idea, large number of micro machines can be installed in a small work-floor. The control of this micro factory concept for operation, maintenance and monitoring becomes a Cyber-physical system capable of producing micro-precision products in a fully-automated manner at low cost. Manufacturing processing data and condition monitoring of micro machine tools in a micro factory are the variables of interest to run a smooth process flow. Every machine out of hundreds of micro machines will have sensing equipment and the sensors data is being compiled at one place, ideally using wireless communication systems. One or two operators can run and monitor the whole micro-factory and access the machine if the fault alarms receive from any station. A variety of sensors will be employed for machine control, process control, metrology and calibration, condition monitoring of machine tools, assembly and integration technology at the micro-scale resulting in smooth operation of micro-factory. Single machine can be designed with a computer numerical control, but, flexible reconfigurable controllers are envisioned to control variety of processes that will lead to the development of open architecture controllers to operate micro-factory. Therefore, the control effort and algorithms have to utilize process models to improve the overall process and, ultimately, the product. Thus, we aim to introduce machine to machine (M2M) communication in the micro factory test bed. M2M communication enables micro actuator/sensor & controller devices to communicate with each other directly i.e., without human intervention, automating management, monitoring, and data collection between devices, as well as communicating with neighboring machines. All micro sensors communicate with a local short distance wireless network e.g. via Bluetooth piconet as well as with a centralized controller via WLAN 802.11 to exchange control/command from it. In this chapter, inherent issues are first highlighted where bulk micro-part manufacturing is carried out using large size machines. State-of-the-art micro machine tool systems designed and developed so far are discussed. With the help of precision engineering fundamentals and miniaturization scaling issues, a design strategy is formulated for a high precision 3-axis CNC micro machine tool as a model for micro-factory working. Based on this, a mathematical model is built that includes machine's design variables and its inherent errors. The volumetric error between tool/work-piece is evaluated from the machine's mathematical model and further used as an objective function to be minimized. Robust design optimization at micro machine development stage reveals the sensitivity analysis of each design variable. The optimization analysis employs different design of Experiment (DOE) techniques to make initial population that is governed by multi-objective genetic algorithm. Hence, the robust design is achieved for 3-axis micro machine tool using the essential knowledge base. The technique is used to remove the machine's repeatable scale errors via calibration and is known as error mapping. These errors are entered into the machine controller, which has the capability of compensating for the error. The machine does not need any extra hardware. Error mapping is a cost-effective tool in achieving volumetric accuracy in a micro manufacturing system.

关键词：微工厂；微机；机器人网络物理系统；机器到机器通信

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