The NC3 system is a large and complex system of systems comprised of numerous terrestrial, airborne, and space-based components used to assure connectivity between the President and nuclear forces. The current NC3 architecture consists of systems that support day-to-day nuclear and conventional operations prior to a nuclear event, as well as those systems that are to provide survivable, secure, and enduring communications through all threat environments. The Senate Armed Services Committee report accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 mandated GAO to assess DOD's efforts to sustain and improve the NC3 system. GAO addressed the mandate through three separate engagements: a report on the Family of Advanced Beyond Line-of-Sight Terminals in December 2013, a classified report on operational assessments of the NC3 system in February 2014, and this review, which assessed the extent to which DOD is addressing known NC3 gaps or weaknesses and steps DOD has taken to transform the current NC3 system to provide improved capabilities in the future. To conduct this review, GAO limited the scope to NC3 component systems that support force direction, decision making, and planning. Given the large number of NC3 systems, situational awareness and force management systems were excluded, allowing for a focus on a more manageable subset of NC3 systems, primarily those that provide communication capabilities. GAO collected and reviewed DOD and other assessments of the NC3 system; reviewed acquisition and planning documents for specific modernization efforts as well as broader efforts to transform the NC3 system; and interviewed cognizant officials from the Joint Staff, U.S. Strategic Command, DOD Office of the Chief Information Officer, Defense Information Systems Agency, National Security Agency, military departments, and Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory to gain perspectives on challenges and progress made in modernizing the NC3 system. DOD provided technical comments on the contents of the classified briefing.

关键词：指挥和控制系统；通讯；数据采集；决策

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The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are cooperatively investigating the utility of unmanned vehicles for near-real-time autonomous surveys of geophysical data collection. Initially focused on unmanned ground vehicle collection of magnetic data, this cooperative effort has brought unmanned surveying, precision guidance, near-real-time communication, on-the-fly data processing, and near-real-time data interpretation into the realm of ground geophysical surveying, all of which offer advantages over current methods of manned collection of ground magnetic data. An unmanned ground vehicle mission has demonstrated that these vehicles can successfully complete missions to collect geophysical data, and add advantages in data collection, processing, and interpretation. We view the current experiment as an initial phase in further unmanned vehicle data-collection missions, including aerial surveying.

关键词：航测；数据采集；地球物理数据；地面车辆

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The F. tularensis medical countermeasure model presented here allows users to explore how medical countermeasures (MCM) can impact the course of the disease, mortality, and loss of work. The model is designed to allow users to input information about exposure and countermeasures, run a simulation and display outputs. The parameters describing disease outcomes for patients with no MCM that underlie the model are informed by parameters established by Curling et al, while the parameters describing the efficacy of MCM were established specifically for this project using publicly available data from human and animal studies. This stochastic model allows users to input data about each exposed individual including the number of bacteria inhaled, vaccination status, timing and duration of antibiotic post-exposure prophylaxis, and treatment status and timing. After the model is run, the output tab displays the outcome for each individual. The graph tab provides a summary of the results, including the percent of individuals that die, recover, or never develop illness, as well as the time distributions of symptom onset and death. The sample results included in this report demonstrate how MCM can impact the number of casualties, the timing of the disease, and the number of days of work lost. Users of the model can explore additional scenarios by modifying the dose and MCM inputs.

关键词：医疗服务；预防医学；土拉菌病；抗生素

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The typical clinical presentation of several spotted fever group Rickettsia infections includes eschars. Clinical diagnosis of the condition is usually made by analysis of blood samples. We describe a more sensitive, noninvasive means of obtaining a sample for diagnosis by using an eschar swab specimen from patients infected with Rickettsia parkeri.

关键词：焦痂；立克次体；血液；临床医学

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The performance of the network is measured in terms of throughput. The throughput and efficiency of interconnect depends on network parameters of the topology. Therefore, topology of any communication networks has an important role to play for efficient design of network. The De Bruijn topology has the potential to be an interesting option for future generations of System-on-Chip (SoC). Two-dimensional (2-D) de Bruijn is proposed for Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) applications. We can improve performance in the two dimensional Bruijn NoCs by improvement of routing algorithm. In this chapter, we have proposed a multicast routing algorithm for 2-D de Bruijn NoCs. The proposed routing algorithm is compared with unicast routing using Xmulator under various traffics conditions. Based on comparison results, the proposed routing has significantly improved the performance and power consumption of the NoC in comparison with unicast routing under light and moderate traffic loads in hot spot and uniform traffics with various message lengths.

关键词：性能测量；吞吐量；通信

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A burst-mode PDM-16QAM digital receiver, implemented offline in MATLAB, is demonstrated. We test the receiver digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms with experimental data from a prototype optical switching node, consisting of a PLZT-based optical switching matrix with optical packet add-drop capabilities. By using wideband optical packets, a raw capacity of 10.24-Tbit/(s·port) (20 Gbaud 16-QAM, 64 wavelength channels, and 2-Polarizations) is achieved below the forward error correction (FEC) limit of 3×10~(-3).

关键词：突发模式接收机；分组交换网络；相干通信

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Currently, no automated means of detecting abnormal mammograms exist. While knowledge discovery capabilities through data mining and data analytics tools are widespread in many industries, the healthcare industry as a whole lags far behind. Providers are only just beginning to recognize the value of data mining as a tool to analyze patient care and clinical outcomes. The research conducted by the authors investigates the use of genetic algorithms for classification of unstructured mammography reports, which can be later correlated to the images for extraction and testing. In mammography, much effort has been expended to characterize findings in the radiology reports. Various computer-assisted technologies have been developed to assist radiologists in detecting cancer; however, the algorithms still lack high degrees of sensitivity and specificity, and must undergo machine learning against a training set with known pathologies in order to further refine the algorithms with higher validity of truth. In a large database of reports and corresponding images, automated tools are needed just to determine which data to include in the training set. Validation of these data is another issue. Radiologists disagree with each other over the characteristics and features of what constitutes a normal mammogram and the terminology to use in the associated radiology report. Abnormal reports follow the lexicon established by the American College of radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (Bi-RADS), but even within these reports, there is a high degree of text variability and interpretation of semantics. The focus has been on classifying abnormal or suspicious reports, but even this process needs further layers of clustering and gradation, so that individual lesions can be more effectively classified. The tools that are needed will not only help further identify problem areas but also support risk assessment and other knowledge discovery applications.

关键词：乳腺腺体；抽样；算法；分类；诊断（医学）

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The botulinum neurotoxin medical countermeasure model presented here allows users to explore how medical countermeasures (MCM) can impact the course of the disease, mortality, and loss of work. The model is designed to allow users to input information about exposure and countermeasures, run a simulation and display outputs. The parameters describing disease outcomes for untreated patients that underlie the model are taken from AMedP-8(C), while the parameters describing the efficacy of MCM were established specifically for this project using publicly available data from human and animal studies. This stochastic model allows users to input data about each exposed individual including the inhaled dose, pre-exposure vaccine status, and treatment status and timing. After the model is run, the output tab displays the outcome for each individual. The graph tab provides a summary of the results, including the percent of individuals that die, recover, or never develop illness, as well as the time distributions of symptom onset and death. The sample results included in this report demonstrate how MCM can impact the number of casualties, the timing of the disease, and the number of days of work lost. Users of the model can explore additional scenarios by modifying the dose and MCM inputs.

关键词：细菌毒素；肉毒杆菌；医疗服务；神经毒素

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In 2012, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) conducted a nationally representative telephone survey of 2,050 adult individuals, in both English and Spanish. The survey focused on their privacy and security attitudes, in particular when their health information is stored or transmitted electronically via EHRs and HIE. This data brief reports individuals perceptions about the measures put in place by providers to protect EHRs, and its association with support for EHRs, HIE and patient-provider communication.

关键词：电子健康档案；卫生保健提供者；隐私；信息交流

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Visual analytic methods are a growing area of research that targets the effective interleaving of analytical reasoning with interactive interfaces. Capitalizing on the human capacity for spatial reasoning, visual analytics enhance the decisionmaker s understanding of supporting data by highlighting complex relationships. Toward this end, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed a software application that complements traditional social network analysis, enabling improved understanding of the human terrain. The software application, called the Heterogeneous Data Proximity Tool (HDPT), combines a data dimensionality reduction routine using multidimensional scaling to produce a graphical representation of similarity or dissimilarity among a set of high- valued individuals. The HDPT starts with a reference data set representing individuals with known group affiliations: insurgents, innocents, and criminals. As intelligence is collected about new individuals within an area of operation, HDPT computes and plots their relative positions with regard to the existing reference data. The resulting analytic portrays the relative position of the new individual s organizational orientation within the known human terrain. This report provides an overview of the development of HDPT and presents the results from its participation in the Communications- Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Product Director Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Network Modernization's Event 2012 field exercise.

关键词：指挥控制通信；计算机程序；决策支持系统

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