In natural traffic flow, the information from preceding vehicles predominantly determines driver behavior. With connected vehicle technologies, drivers can receive information from both preceding and following vehicles. This information creates new opportunities for vehicle coordination and control at the microscopic level on the basis of bidirectional information. Although bidirectional car-following models have been studied since the 1960s, most existing car-following models, especially those used by adaptive cruise control technologies, are still forward-only car-following models. This paper serves as a first step toward the use of bidirectional car-following models for microscopic vehicle coordination and control. The focus is on the study of the models' general control characteristics and impact on traffic flow stability. A general bidirectional control framework is proposed to convert any car-following model into its bidirectional form. Four representative General Motors and optimal velocity car-following models are reformulated and calibrated against field vehicle trajectory data collected in the next-generation simulation program (NGSIM). The bidirectional control characteristics of the selected models were evaluated by tuning of the percentage of backward information considered in the final car-following decision. The evaluation uses forward versus backward acceleration diagrams and a ring road stability analysis of equilibrium states obtained from NGSIM data. The results indicate that the increase in the contribution of backward information may help alleviate traffic congestion and stabilize traffic flow. An operating range of the backward information contribution of between 5% and 20% is recommended to ensure that the resulting models are still physical and realistic for both free-flow and congestion situations.

关键词：汽车；通用汽车；安全

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Taxol is an antineoplastic agent, which is used for the treatment of various cancer types such as breast, ovarian, lung, bladder, etc. It disrupts the microtubule assembly and accumulates in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).

关键词：周围神经病变；抗肿瘤药物；神经细胞

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The VA Office of Inspector General Office of Healthcare Inspections conducted an inspection to assess the validity of allegations regarding clinical and administrative operations within the Sterile Processing Service (SPS) at VA Puget Sound Health Care System (the system) Seattle, WA. The complainant alleged that improper sterilization of equipment placed patients at harm and that this risk was not disclosed. It was also alleged that SPS reprocessed single-use devices (SUDs) without approval to do so, failed to keep standard operating procedures (SOPs) current, did not provide staff training, and did not maintain accurate staff competencies. We substantiated that equipment was used in a sterilizer for which its use is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration; however, we did not substantiate that this caused the instruments involved to be unsterile or that patients were placed at risk. We did not substantiate that SPS and system leadership knowingly covered-up and failed to disclose to physicians and patients processing problems associated with equipment.

关键词：卫生保健管理；质量的医疗服务；病人

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A passenger vehicle is a motor vehicle weighing less than 10,000 pounds and includes passenger cars and light trucks (pickup trucks, vans, SUVs, and other light trucks). Passenger vehicles make up over 90 percent of registered vehicles, and account for nearly 90 percent of total vehicle miles traveled (VMT). In 2011 there were an estimated 9,291,000 vehicles involved in police-reported crashes, 96 percent (8,953,000) of which were passenger vehicles. There were 43,917 vehicles involved in fatal crashes, of which 78 percent (34,182) were passenger vehicles. More than 21,000 passenger vehicle occupants lost their lives in traffic crashes in 2011, and an estimated 1.97 million were injured. From 2002 to 2011, passenger vehicle registrations increased 12 percent. Light trucks (LTVs) experienced a 27-percent increase in registrations, while passenger cars had an increase of 3 percent. Among the light-truck categories, pickup truck registrations increased 14 percent and van registrations decreased 6 percent; however, SUV registrations increased by 72 percent.

关键词：汽车；载客汽车；交通安全

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Infectious Disease Mitigation in Airports and on Aircraft provides practical guidance for mitigating the risk of disease spread via droplet, airborne, and contact transmission modes. The easy-to-use guidebook identifies 24 recommended actions to mitigate disease transmission at airports and aboard aircraft that are classified into three broad categories to assist managers with identifying actions that are specific to their area of oversight: buildings, airplanes, and people.

关键词：机场；航空运输；传染病；医药

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New Jersey Administrative Code sections 10:51 and 10:59 provide for the coverage of diabetic testing supplies, including test strips. The State agency reimburses providers the lesser of the usual and customary charge or the Medicaid fee for each item. Additionally, contracts between the State agency and the MCOs list diabetic testing supplies as a covered benefit provided to eligible beneficiaries. The monthly Medicaid capitation payment that the State agency makes to an MCO for each eligible beneficiary in cludes these supplies. Our objective was to determine whether the State agency could achieve Medicaid program savings for test strips.

关键词：医疗补助；家庭护理服务；医疗设备

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Our proposal is to explore the novel notion that it may be possible to restore near normal HR activity in Brca1 cells and tissues. We believe that this phenomenon will lead to targeted therapies to reduce lifetime risk of tumor formation in BRCA1 and potentially BRCA2 carriers.

关键词：乳腺癌细胞（生物学）；基因组；不稳定性

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Military service members suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and depression, as well as military suicides, continue to be a major concern of Congress. Numerous legislative provisions have been enacted over the past years to address these issues. Members will likely seek to offer legislation in the 113th Congress to address this complex set of issues. This report is intended to provide assistance in understanding the issues associated with psychological health in the active duty forces, potential congressional responses, and what questions may remain unanswered. Key points in this report include the following: mental disorders such as PTSD are poorly understood and in most cases cannot be physically identified but, rather, must be diagnosed using symptoms reported by the servicemember; estimates of the prevalence of mental health conditions in any given population may be greatly affected by the methodology used; diagnoses of mental health conditions among active duty servicservice membersincreased substantially relative to non-deployed servicservice members increase may be due to the psychological toll of exposure to conflict, but may also be due in part to increased and improved screening methods as well as Department of Defense (DOD) efforts to reduce the stigma associated with seeking mental health treatment that might dissuade some servicservice membersreporting mental health concerns or accessing care; and reliable evidence is lacking as to the quality of mental health care and counseling offered in DOD facilities. A 2012 Institute of Medicine (IOM) study recommended that DOD undertake efforts to measure the effectiveness of efforts to improve quality, such as training providers in evidence-based practice, that are not integrated into the system of mental health care offered in DOD treatment facilities.

关键词：心理健康；创伤后应激障碍；应激（生理）

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We are evaluating a facilitative transport strategy to move oximes across the blood brain barrier (BBB) to reactivate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We selected glucose (Glc) transporters (GLUT) for this purpose as these transporters are highly represented in the BBB. Glc conjugates have successfully moved drugs across the BBB and previous work has shown that Glc-oximes (sugar-oximes, SOxs) can reduce the organophosphonate induced hypothermia response. We previously evaluated the reactivation potential of Glc carbon C-1 SOxs. Here we report the reactivation parameters for VX- and GB-inhibited human (Hu) AChE of the best SOx (13c) and our findings that the kinetics are similar to those of the parent oxime. Although crystals of Torpedo californica AChE were produced, neither soaked or co-crystallized experiments were successful at concentrations below 20 mM 13c, and higher concentrations cracked the crystals. 13c was non-toxic to neuroblastoma and kidney cell lines at 12 18 mM, allowing high concentrations to be used in a BBB kidney cell model. The transfer of 13c from the donor side was asymmetric with the greatest loss of 13c from the apical- or luminal-treated side. There was no apparent transfer from the basolateral side. The 13c Papp results indicate a low transport efficiency; however, mass accounting revealed only a 20% recovery from the apical dose in which high concentrations were found in the cell lysate fraction. Molecular modeling of 13c through the GLUT-1 channel demonstrated that transport of 13c was more restricted than Glc.

关键词：乙酰胆碱酯酶；血脑屏障；肟；葡萄糖

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In breast cancer progression, the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a life-threatening step. This step is accompanied by a dramatic drop in prognosis.

关键词：乳腺癌细胞（生物学）；上皮；成纤维细胞；医药

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