Effects of thermal discharge from a coastal power plant on phytoplankton community were determined in subtropical Zhanjiang Bay.Two sampling transects were chosen up and down the Zhanjiang Plant in the Zhanjiang Bay, Nine stations were located along the two transects, which were divided into four zones.Monthly boat cruises were undertaken in the bay at spring up here, tide ebb slack, neap rise open and neap tide ebb slack respectively, during the period April-October 2012.Species diversity (H') showed a distinct increasing gradient from the most thermally polluted zone to the healthy zone.The more distinct gradient occurred at spring tide.Species diversity fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns.Evenness showed indistinct gradient from the heated water source to the control zone, and fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns.Species richness, cell count and Chl a concentration at mixed and healthy zones were significantly higher than that at heated zones, with the maximum value recorded at mixed zone, and showed seasonal and tidal changes with no obvious pattern.

关键词：温排水；滨海电厂；浮游植物群落；潮时代

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The functional equivalence of the unstructured grid code FUN3D to the the structured grid code LAURA (Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm) is documented for applications of interest to the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) community. Examples from an existing suite of regression tests are used to demonstrate the functional equivalence, encompassing various thermochemical models and vehicle configurations. Algorithm modifications required for the node-based unstructured grid code (FUN3D) to reproduce functionality of the cell-centered structured code (LAURA) are also documented. Challenges associated with computation on tetrahedral grids versus computation on structured-grid derived hexahedral systems are discussed.

关键词：气动热力学；算法；计算；计算流体动力学

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The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy has defined milestones for its Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) technology programs. This report provides estimates of the benefits that would accrue from achieving these milestones relative to a base case that represents a future in which there is no VTO-supported vehicle technology development. This was done by estimating fuel use, primary energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, including energy and GHG emissions from fuel production for the base case and the program target case. The target case represented the future with completely successful deployment of VTO technologies. Market penetrations of different vehicle types with and without VTO technologies were projected using market share models, and a stock and energy accounting model was used to make projections of energy consumption and GHG emissions for the base and target cases. The differences between the base case and the target case were attributed to VTO technologies. Improvements in fuel economy of various vehicle types were attributed to individual VTO technology areas, which included batteries and electric drives, advanced combustion engines, fuels and lubricants, materials (i.e., reducing vehicle mass, also called lightweighting), and for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, reduction in rolling and aerodynamic resistance.

关键词：电池；电动工具排放；能源消耗

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Ionizing radiation induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is a particularly serious form of DNA damage and has especially deleterious effects in cells. Ion beams have high linear energy transfer (LET, keV/μm) and give DNA damage containing DSBs locally (clustered damage) than gamma rays do. Deinococcus radiodurans exhibits extraordinary resistance to the lethal effects of ionizing radiations. This resistance has been attributed to its highly proficient DNA repair capacity. Previously, it had been reported that the DNA repair mechanism of D. radiodurans is not necessarily "error-free" since there were an increase in rifampicin-resistant mutant frequency depending on radiation doses of ion beams and gamma rays. In this study, we investigated mutant frequencies of two different antibiotic-resistant mutants for carbon ion beams in D. radiodurans and identified the mutation sites in the antibiotic-resistant mutants.

关键词：电池寿命；碳离子光束；电池性能

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For those PV technologies that rely upon Te, In, and Ga, first-order observations and calculations hint that there may be resource constraints that could inhibit their successful deployment at a SunShot level. These are only first-order approximations, however, and the possibility for an expansion in global Te, In, and Ga supplies needs to be considered in the event that there are upward revisions in their demand and prices.In this study, we examine the current, mid-term, and long-term prospects of Tellurium (Te) for use in PV. We find that the current global supply base of Te would support <10 GW of annual traditional CdTe PV manufacturing production. But as for the possibility that the supply base for Te might be expanded, after compiling several preliminary cumulative availability curves we find that there may be significant upside potential in the supply base for this element - principally vis a vis increasing demand and higher prices. Primarily by reducing the Tellurium intensity in manufacturing and by increasing the recovery efficiency of Te in Cu refining processes, we calculate that it may prove affordable to PV manufacturers to expand the supply base for Te such that 100 GW, or greater, of annual CdTe PV production is possible in the 2030 - 2050 timeframe.

关键词：Cadimum碲化物；制造业；光伏电池

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Ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UVVisible) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) optical techniques can permit on-line analysis of actinide elements in a solvent extraction process in real time. These techniques have been used for measuring actinide speciation and concentration under laboratory conditions and are easily adaptable to multiple sampling geometries, such as dip probes, fiber-optic sample cells, and flow-through cell geometries. To fully exploit these techniques, researchers must determine the fundamental speciation of target actinides and the resulting influence on spectroscopic properties. Detection limits, process conditions, and speciation of key actinide components can be established and utilized in a range of areas, particularly those related to materials accountability and process control. Through this project, researchers will develop tools and spectroscopic techniques to evaluate solution extraction conditions and concentrations of U, Pu, and Cm in extraction processes, addressing areas of process control and materials accountability. The team will evaluate UV Visible and TRLFS for use in solvent extraction-based separations. Ongoing research is examining efficacy of UV-Visible spectroscopy to evaluate uranium and plutonium speciation under conditions found in the UREX process and using TRLFS to evaluate Cm speciation and concentration in the TALSPEAK process. A uranyl and plutonium nitrate UVVisible spectroscopy study met with success, which supports the utility and continued exploration of spectroscopic methods for evaluation of actinide concentrations and solution conditions for other aspects of the UREX+ solvent extraction scheme.

关键词：材料问责制；过程控制；锕系元素；激光光谱学

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Many patients become hypothermic after severe injury due to environmental exposure during transport. These patients also have decreased thermoregulation due to blood loss. Normal core body temperature is defined as 37 deg C and core body temperature below 35 deg C and above 40 deg C is defined as hypothermia and hyperthermia respectively. Studies have shown much better outcomes for patients with either trauma or hypothermia compared to patients with both trauma and hypothermia. Additionally, studies have shown that decreasing the hyperthermic patient s core body temperature rapidly to 3838 deg Cowers the incidence of complications and the risk of death. Currently, one of the most effective treatments for dysthermic patients involves the use of active convective/conductive heating/cooling devices. However, current devices require heavy or bulky equipment not suitable for military applications. This study focuses on developing a portable battery operated body temperature conditioning system. The heating/cooling system has been designed to maximize efficiency allowing for a reduction in component and battery weight. Additionally, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are being utilized to allow for military use during medical evacuations in the absence of a reliable power source. To evaluate the heating/cooling capacity of the device, patient simulation testing will be performed through the use of a thermal manikin. This research will identify specific design improvements to be implemented in a reiterative process, ultimately leading to an efficient portable body temperature conditioning device suitable for military applications.

关键词：便携式设备；蓄电池；温度控制

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Due to fire hazard safety concerns, the National Electrical Code requires arc-fault protection for the dc wiring associated with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. In order to meet the $1/watt goal of the DOE SunShot Initiative, arc fault protection must be provided within the context of $0.40/watt balance of system and $0.10/watt power electronics costs. A highly integrated arc fault detector and circuit interrupter is the best solution to address the safety needs of the industry while still allowing the lowest possible levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for both new installations and retrofit applications.

关键词：探测器；电弧；电线；电气故障；火灾

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The Debye sheath is shown to be unstable under general conditions. For surface materials with sufficient secondary electron emission (SEE) yields, the surface's current-voltage characteristic has an unstable branch when the bulk plasma temperature (Te ) exceeds a critical value, or when there are fast electron populations present. The plasma-surface interaction becomes dynamic where the sheath may undergo spontaneous transitions or oscillations. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we analyze sheath instabilities occurring in a high Te plasma slab bounded by walls with SEE. As the plasma evolves, whenever the sheath enters an unstable state, its amplitude rapidly collapses, allowing a large flux of previously trapped electrons to hit the wall. These hot electrons induce more than one secondary on average, causing a net loss of electrons from the wall. The sheath collapse quenches when the surface charge becomes positive because the attractive field inhibits further electrons from escaping. Sheath instabilities influence the current balance, energy loss, cross-B-field transport and even the bulk plasma properties. Implications for discharges including Hall thrusters are discussed. More generally, the results show that common theories that treat emission as a fixed (time-independent) 'coefficient' do not capture the full extent of SEE effects.

关键词：等离子鞘；电子；倒塌；排放；不稳定性

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This thesis forms part of a larger study that aims to develop a renewable energy demonstration plant at the Naval Postgraduate School Turbopropulsion Laboratory. The architecture and design approach of the demonstration plant is outlined in this thesis. While all the components of the system are commercially available, the integration of the components is challenging. The results of the design approach presented the optimal way of integrating wind turbines, an electrical system, chiller units, and thermal storage tanks. Modular ice thermal tanks with polypropylene tubing were chosen for storage. The ice thermal storage units were selected over battery storage as they are more cost effective and potentially safer. A statistical analysis was performed using wind data from Monterey Airport, which was beneficial for choosing which wind turbines to implement in the system. The analysis determined that total energy captured by two, 4-kW vertical axis wind turbines was 2,554.8 kW-hours annually. Additionally, ANSYS Fluent was used to analyze the ice growth around the tubing at various ice and tube thicknesses. The ANSYS Fluent analysis showed that ice thickness affects the ice volume growth and change in enthalpy change more than wall thickness affects these conditions.

关键词：能源存储；热性能；冷却；电气设备

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