As the photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to develop, the vast size of deployments today requires optimization of product reliability. The safe operation, requisite service life, reliability, and durability of PV modules become increasingly important as incentives are reduced and the value of an investment in PV is reflected in the kilowatt hours (kWh) generated over the lifetime of the product. Solar electricity can be cost competitive in many electricity markets today (1) if solar panels can perform to warranted specifications for at least the length of their warranty, which is typically 25 years. But, it can be difficult to identify which PV modules will meet their warrantied performance level. Design qualification testing using tests such as IEC 61215 (2) and IEC 61730 (3,4) has been key for achieving high reliability. The continued maintenance of these standards and the development of new standards that address wear-out mechanisms will continue to improve the durability and reliability of products going into the field.

关键词：设计；耐久性；电力；市场；光伏电池

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In this report, we Si/C composite with porous and yolk-shell structure, carbon coated mesoporous Fe2O3, C/CuO and S/C composites using aerosol pyrolysis, electrospray and CVD techniques. The electrochemical peroformances of these materials were tested, and the mechanism for long cycling stability and high rate capability of these materials were investigated. The findings were published in top journals. The objectives of this project in the year-two are to develop porous Si/C and C/S composite electrodes for high performance lithium ion batteries and to investigate the mechanism how the porous carbon matrix enhances the cycling stability of Si and S electrodes.

关键词：锂电池；电解质材料；电池结构

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Key technically reviewed results are presented here in support of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) acceptance of Sludge Batch 8 (SB8). This report summarizes results from simulant flowsheet studies of the DWPF Chemical Process Cell (CPC). Results include: Hydrogen generation rate for the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) cycles of the CPC on a 6,000 gallon basis. Volume percent of nitrous oxide, N2O, produced during the SRAT cycle. Ammonium ion concentrations recovered from the SRAT and SME off-gas. Dried weight percent solids (insoluble, soluble, and total) measurements and density. These items relate to Safety Class (SC) items in HLW-TTR-2012-0004, Rev. 0 as called out in an attachment, a copy of which can be found in Appendix A.

关键词：污泥；放射性废物处理；铵化合物；蒸发器

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In this paper,a novel BiCMOS current steering bandgap is presented,which includes reference core,start-up circuit,and output circuit,of which the reference core is used to produce the temperature-stable current,the start-up to start up the reference core when powered on,and the output circuit to proportionally transport the reference current to other cells on the same chip.Compared to the traditional voltage-mode bandgap reference,because of the adoption of the current-steering mode,the reference proposed in this paper,has the merits of being immune to variation of the power supply,minimum transport consumption,better matches,temperature stability,smaller area,auto-startup,and so on,which are specially needed in AD/DA application.The simulation shows that the proposed current-mode reference circuit has full temperature range coefficient of 8.9ppm,which is better than that of the traditional voltage-and current-mode reference circuits.

关键词：负反馈；偏差；旁路电容；工作点

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OH Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and picosecond (ps), broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) are used for time-resolved temperature and time-resolved, absolute OH number density measurements in lean H2-air, CH4-air, C2H4-air, and C3H8-air mixtures in a nanosecond (ns) pulse discharge cell/plasma flow reactor. The premixed fuel air flow in the reactor, initially at T0 = 500 K and P = 100 torr, is excited by a repetitive ns pulse discharge in a plane-to-plane geometry (peak voltage 28 kV, discharge gap 10 mm, estimated pulse energy 1.25 mJ/pulse), operated in burst mode at 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. In most measurements, burst duration is limited to 50 pulses, to preclude plasma-assisted ignition. The discharge uniformity in air and fuel air flows is verified using sub-ns-gated images (employing an intensified charge-coupled device camera). Temperatures measured at the end of the discharge burst are in the range of T = 550 600 K, using both OH LIF and CARS, and remain essentially unchanged for up to 10 ms after the burst. Time-resolved temperature measured by CARS during plasmaassisted ignition of H2-air is in good agreement with kinetic model predictions. Based on CARS measurement, vibrational nonequilibrium is not a significant factor at the present conditions. Time-resolved, absolute OH number density, measured after the discharge burst, demonstrates that OH concentration in C2H4-air, C3H8-air, and CH4 is highest in lean mixtures. In H2-air, OH concentration is nearly independent of the equivalence ratio. In C2H4-air and C3H8-air, unlike in CH4- air and in H2-air, transient OH-concentration overshoot after the discharge is detected. In C2H4-air and C3H8-air, OH decays after the discharge on the time scale of 0.02 0.1 ms, suggesting little accumulation during the burst of pulses repeated at 10 kHz. In CH4-air and H2-air, OH concentration decays within 0.1 1.0 ms and 0.5 1.0 ms, respectively, showing that it may accumulate during the burst.

关键词：荧光；动力学；激光；低温；混合物

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Several solution routes to low cost photovoltaic absorber materials have been explored. These routes include different ink chemistries as well as deposition and processing methods. The thin film absorber materials have been integrated into photovoltaic devices.

关键词：薄膜；光伏电池；成本；沉积；油墨

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A reversible pure bending test system has been developed to support an NRC research project. The test system can be used to test and characterize static bending stiffness as well as the vibration integrity of spent nuclear fuel. The reversible bending is conducted utilizing a U-frame setup with the push-pull force applied at the loading point. The U-frame setup can be integrated into the test machine in either vertical or horizontal layouts. The deformation of the rod specimen is measured directly using three-point deflection, and therefore the curvature of deformed rod specimen can be easily estimated. The functionality of the test system has been demonstrated using surrogate rods in out-of-hot cell tests. The relationship of total strain versus the number of cycles to failure exhibits a well-defined trend. It has been further shown that flexural rigidity can be used as an index to characterize the integrity of the SNF.

关键词：弯曲；变形；评价；燃料棒；热电池

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This seed and exploratory grant was funded to generate some initial results that are presented in this report. The project was funded by Dr. Robert Coswell in Nov. 2010 in consultation with Dr. Devanand Shenoy to develop a fusion of strain-based spintronics, as well as spin torque transfer devices, and CMOS VLSI technologies. The project was initiated with the hope to start extensive work in non-volatile and ultra-low-power subthreshold and superthreshold VLSI circuits relevant for a wide spectrum of military and space electronic systems. In this project we demonstrated: (1) an ultra-low power hearing aid speech processor interfacing with a custom designed SRAM to operate fully in sub-threshold regime (Specs: Operating at 1MHz clock frequency; 600 pJ consumption for each FIR operation); (2) a 128 point FFT/IFFT processor in 65nm technology operating in subthreshold regime (Specs: Operates at 1 MHz; energy consumption of 31 nJ/FFT); (3) a sub-threshold operating asynchronous 8051 microcontroller (A8051) with a novel 16T SRAM cell for improved performance and reliability (Specs: Consumes 91.6 nW at 250 mV. New 16T SRAM block consumes 5.44 pJ for writing and 9.08 pJ for reading); and (4) a 2 KB nonvolatile straintronics memory with 1.3 pJ read power. A follow-up grant is, therefore, requested to support three graduate students who have enthusiastically worked on this project for one year and are now poised to conduct more creative investigations in this promising emerging technology.

关键词：异步系统；加工设备；集成电路

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Ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UVVisible) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) optical techniques can permit on-line analysis of actinide elements in a solvent extraction process in real time. These techniques have been used for measuring actinide speciation and concentration under laboratory conditions and are easily adaptable to multiple sampling geometries, such as dip probes, fiber-optic sample cells, and flow-through cell geometries. To fully exploit these techniques, researchers must determine the fundamental speciation of target actinides and the resulting influence on spectroscopic properties. Detection limits, process conditions, and speciation of key actinide components can be established and utilized in a range of areas, particularly those related to materials accountability and process control. Through this project, researchers will develop tools and spectroscopic techniques to evaluate solution extraction conditions and concentrations of U, Pu, and Cm in extraction processes, addressing areas of process control and materials accountability. The team will evaluate UV Visible and TRLFS for use in solvent extraction-based separations. Ongoing research is examining efficacy of UV-Visible spectroscopy to evaluate uranium and plutonium speciation under conditions found in the UREX process and using TRLFS to evaluate Cm speciation and concentration in the TALSPEAK process. A uranyl and plutonium nitrate UVVisible spectroscopy study met with success, which supports the utility and continued exploration of spectroscopic methods for evaluation of actinide concentrations and solution conditions for other aspects of the UREX+ solvent extraction scheme.

关键词：材料问责制；过程控制；锕系元素；激光光谱学

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Many patients become hypothermic after severe injury due to environmental exposure during transport. These patients also have decreased thermoregulation due to blood loss. Normal core body temperature is defined as 37 deg C and core body temperature below 35 deg C and above 40 deg C is defined as hypothermia and hyperthermia respectively. Studies have shown much better outcomes for patients with either trauma or hypothermia compared to patients with both trauma and hypothermia. Additionally, studies have shown that decreasing the hyperthermic patient s core body temperature rapidly to 3838 deg Cowers the incidence of complications and the risk of death. Currently, one of the most effective treatments for dysthermic patients involves the use of active convective/conductive heating/cooling devices. However, current devices require heavy or bulky equipment not suitable for military applications. This study focuses on developing a portable battery operated body temperature conditioning system. The heating/cooling system has been designed to maximize efficiency allowing for a reduction in component and battery weight. Additionally, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are being utilized to allow for military use during medical evacuations in the absence of a reliable power source. To evaluate the heating/cooling capacity of the device, patient simulation testing will be performed through the use of a thermal manikin. This research will identify specific design improvements to be implemented in a reiterative process, ultimately leading to an efficient portable body temperature conditioning device suitable for military applications.

关键词：便携式设备；蓄电池；温度控制

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