This section describes the manner in which the U.S. military is organized to carry out its missions, how the military uses contractors to perform many essential services during contingency operations, and the existing air quality in Afghanistan and Iraq.

关键词：Afghanistan；Solid wastes；Erosive burning；Health；Toxicity；Combustion；Air quality；Waste management；Burning rate；Emergencies；Recycled materials；Iraq；Documents

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The purpose of Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) environmental surveillance is to characterize radiological and nonradiological conditions of the off-site environs and estimate public doses related to these conditions, confirm estimations of public dose based on effluent monitoring data, and, where appropriate, provide supplemental data to support compliance monitoring for applicable environmental regulations. This environmental monitoring plan (EMP) is intended to document the rationale, frequency, parameters, and analytical methods for the ORR environmental surveillance program and provides information on ORR site characteristics, environmental pathways, dose assessment methods, and quality management. ORR-wide environmental monitoring activities include a variety of media including air, surface water, vegetation, biota, and wildlife. In addition to these activities, site-specific effluent, groundwater, and best management monitoring programs are conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12), and the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP).

关键词：环境监测；ORR

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In this chapter we target the problem of monitoring an environment with a team of mobile robots having on board video-cameras and fixed stereo cameras available within the environment. Current research regards homogeneous robots, whereas in this chapter we study highly heterogeneous systems and consider the problem of patrolling an area with a dynamic set of agents. The system presented in the chapter provides enhanced multi-robot coordination and vision-based activity monitoring techniques. The main objective is the integration and development of coordination techniques for multi-robot environment coverage, with the goal of maximizing the quality of information gathered from a given area thus, implementing a Heterogeneous mobile and reconfigurable multi-camera video-surveillance system.

关键词：环境监测；机器人

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The Advanced Exploration Systems Program’s Atmosphere Resource Recovery and Environmental Monitoring (ARREM) project is working to mature optimum atmosphere revitalization and environmental monitoring system architectures. It is the project’s objective to enable exploration beyond Lower Earth Orbit (LEO) and improve affordability by focusing on three primary goals: 1) achieving high reliability, 2) reducing dependence on a ground-based logistics resupply model, and 3) maximizing commonality between atmosphere revitalization subsystem components and those needed to support other exploration elements. The ARREM project’s strengths include using existing developmental hardware and testing facilities, when possible, and and a well-coordinated effort among the NASA field centers that contributed to past ARS and EMS technology development projects.

关键词：环境监测；优化大气

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In addition to tests of product sterility (described in Annex VII), the following tests must be performed while carrying out the manufacture of parenteral preparations: 1. Environmental control tests; 2. Total sterility test; 3. Test for sterilizing conditions.

关键词：环境监测技术；测试技术

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It is therefore extremely important to use biomarkers towards the prevention of events that are harmful both to man and ecosystems. Biomarkers and bioindica-tors could be used also as potential tools for environmental quality assessement during judicial proceedings. One biomarker alone might not be sufficient to monitor the environmental quality. In general, it is necessary to have a battery of biomarkers allowing the evaluation of the physiological integrity of all species present in a given ecosystem. Batteries of biomarkers should be capable to assess the toxic effects of the highest possible number of environmental contaminants [73]. Generally, biomarkers do not show one single dose-response relationship but a number of dose-response relationships that are the result of all possible interactions of all contaminants present in the ecosystem under study. So, battery of biomarkers allows to determine at what level of structural complexity a given response to a toxic compound in a given ecosystem occurs. In brief, the multiple response concept shows that through biomarkers it is possible to determine the "health level" of the population studied. The change in the homoeostasis present in an ecosystem trigger off a series of compensatory mechanism both at the biochemical and the physiological level. These mechanisms tend to restore the initial homoeostatic situation. The more toxic concentrations or time of exposure increase the more the responses turn out to be insufficient with subsequent occurrence of other responses at higher levels all the way up to significant phenomena, such as bacterial infections, parasitism, car-cinogenesis and finally the death of the organisms

关键词：环境监测；生物标记物

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In this dissertation, the principle and value of data fusion are studied, and the existent typical touting protocol for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A kind of wireless sensor network data fusion algorithm based on the routing protocol LEACH is proposed, which is combines LEACH agreement with the hierarchical structure of the adaptive weighting combination. The hierarchy structure of each cluster design for an adaptive weighted model, through the adaptive weighted method from the sensor node of raw data acquisition to extract characteristic data, then will feature the data sent to converge node. We show by simulation that the algorithm has good data fusion efficiency, especially suitable for periodic report types of wireless sensor network.

关键词：环境监测；多传感器；数据融合

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A novel sensor buoy platform was developed for detailed environmental monitoring of coastal areas. Using many buoys in a mesh network on low power ZigBee basis allows dramatic reduction of the overall power consumption, enabling an autonomous operation on a single battery set over 3y. Each buoy acts as sensor node but also as router forwarding messages from neighbor buoys to a centralized server. Thus special attention had to be directed to network synchronization and the handling of processor sleep states. One -wire temperature sensors were used for temperate profiling. Moreover the platform is equipped with several analog and digital inputs allowing the connection of additional sensor and sensor systems. The fist buoy network was designed based on 2.5 GHz RF modules (Atmels ATmegal281 together with the AVR Z-Link AT86RF230). According the specifications of the manufacturer under perfect conditions the maximum transmission range is about 4km. A maximum buoy to buoy distance of approximately 400m could be achieved. Instead of 2.5 GHz technology the final version of the buoys was then equipped with 868 MHz transceivers. A buoy to buoy distance of 3km was possible.

关键词：环境监测；无线平台

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In conclusion, in this chapter, we have reviewed the development of high-performance fiber nanosensors for environmental monitoring applications, realized by the combination of advanced nanostructured coatings based on SWCNTs with the optical fiber technology.In particular, the chapter starts with a wide review of the state of the art of carbon nanotube-based sensors for environmental monitoring, followed by a description of the operating principle of the fiberoptic nanosensors in the FP-type reflectometric configuration.

关键词：环境监测；传感器；应用程序

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This paper presents the development of a versatile sensor platform that is well-suited for autonomous data acquisition in environmental monitoring. The key advantages of the platform are its compact design, implemented onboard sensors, wireless communication and further standard interfaces to connect application specific sensors. The sensor system is subsequently simple to install and the costs for the preparation and execution of a measurement task are low. The paper provides details of the platform design and key characteristics as well as data acquisition-, communication-, and data storage strategy. A practical exemplary application in the field of environmental monitoring - the determination of acceleration of plants due to wind load - is presented.

关键词：环境监测；自主感知；传感器平台

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