Sources of PCBs, dioxin, and chlorinated pesticides to Vancouver Lake were investigated during the winter, spring, and fall of 2010 from Burnt Bridge Creek, the Flushing Channel, and two Lake River sites.

关键词：农药；水污染

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The primary habitat management objective for the three refuges of the Willamette Valley NWR Complex is to provide high quality forage for wintering Canada geese. To accomplish this, much of the land within the refuge is managed for grass production involving applications of herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers. Other agrochemicals such as insecticides are applied to agricultural land outside the refuge. Some agrochemicals used in the area have the potential to enter aquatic habitats of the refuge and could impact species such as amphibians, turtles, or the federally-listed Oregon chub. The objective of this investigation was to sample both biotic and abiotic matrices and use a weight-of-evidence approach to determine if agrochemicals used on or around the refuge pose a risk to aquatic species. This investigation included seven components: 1) evaluation of pesticide use practices; 2) collection of continual water quality measurements; 3) water sampling; 4) in-situ bioassay; 5) analysis of blood plasma from carp and turtles for endocrine-disrupting compound exposure; 6) fish health assessment; and 7) fish tissue analysis for organochlorine pesticides. The components of the study were used as individual lines of evidence to evaluate risk of agrochemicals to aquatic organisms on the refuge. Multiple lines of evidence create more confidence in making decisions suitable for refuge management because the approach considers all the information gathered from the investigation. By framing the assessment with this weight-of-evidence approach, risk to the receptors of concern and organizational levels is more clearly evident and the information can be used in carrying out the Fish and Wildlife Service mission to protect and conserve natural resources.

关键词：农药；农用化学品；杀虫剂

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The landscape, hydrology, and ecology of Lake Wales Ridge, central Florida, are unique in many respects. The Ridge is the highest and most prominent topographic feature in peninsular Florida and contains one of the largest collections of rare and endangered species in the United States (Dobson and others, 1997), one of the highest concentrations of endemic species in North America (Martin, 1998), and more than 200 lakes, most of which are seepage lakes with significant ground-water inflow. Lake Wales Ridge (subsequently referred to as the Ridge) is also one of the most intensely cultivated citrus regions in the world, with citrus groves covering about 25 percent (170 square miles) of the land area. Geologically, the Ridge is underlain by highly permeable marine sands forming relict Miocene-Holocene paleoislands which support some of the oldest ecologic communities in Florida. Ground water and surface water are closely linked in this region where ground-water inflow contributes more than 80 percent of the net water input to some lakes (Sacks and others, 1998). Ground water is the primary drinking-water supply in this region. The unconfined surficial aquifer supplies drinking water for some rural wells, and recharges water to the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer which is the primary municipal water supply.

关键词：农药；硝酸盐；水质污染；湖泊；地下水

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The Arroyo Colorado is an ancient channel of the Rio Grande River that extends eastward for about 90 miles from near the city of Mission, Texas through southern Hidalgo County to the city of Harlingen in Cameron County, eventually discharging into the Laguna Madre near the Cameron- Willacy County line. The tidal segment of the Arroyo Colorado, as classified by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), is between the confluence with Laguna Madre in Cameron/Willacy County to a point 100 meters (110 yards) downstream of Cemetery Road, south of Port Harlingen in Cameron County. This part of the river is also defined as a coastal natural resource area (CNRA) and a coastal wetland in the Coastal Coordination Act. Water quality monitoring over the past decade has confirmed low oxygen levels and escalated ammonia and nitrate concentrations that have contributed to multiple fish kills in the tidal segment. These sub-optimal aquatic conditions resulted in this portion of the Arroyo Colorado being placed on the Texas Water Quality Inventory and 303(d) List for high aquatic life use impairment in 2002. Numerous urban sources, such as point source wastewater discharges, have contributed to this impairment; however, according to the Arroyo Colorado Watershed Protection Plan (ACWPP), nonpoint source agricultural runoff accounts for much of the water quality issues in the tidal segment.

关键词：农药；水污染监测；水质

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上半年，由于环境污染事件频发，政策相继出台引导行业健康发展。三季度以来，在“微刺激”政策促使经济增长回升、《国务院关于加快发展节能环保产业的意见》等利好政策相继出台、生态环境管理纳入政绩考核等利好因素的共同带动下，环保产业总体继续保持快速发展趋势。其中，中央财政进一步加大对环境保护等民生领域的支持力度，同时“环境安全大检查”的稳步推进拉动了政府相应财政支出，月度支出规模从7 月的169.71 亿元稳步上升至9 月的300.39 亿元，9 月支出规模创年内新高。

关键词：环保行业；环保设备；废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业；环保服务业；投资情况；经营情况

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利用OBS-2200车载测试系统,分别在高峰期、平峰期和低峰期的天津市典型路段进行了车载测试,并获得了碳氢化台物(HC)、一氧化碳(CO)和氮氧化物(NOx)等车辆排放的污染物的逐秒数据.结果显示在这3个时段内,车辆的加速度大都集中在-1.5～1.5m/s2,速度大都集中在0～70km/h,并且HC、CO和NOx的最高捧放率为0.0673、0.706和0.0178g/s,都集中在高速(速度(v)＞30km/h,加速度(a)＞0.5m/s2)工况范围内.通过拟合发现,HC、CO和NOx的排放率与比功率(Vehicle Specific Power,简称VSP)之间的拟台决定系数分别为0.71、0.86和0.85,相关性较高,说明VSP可以作为评价车辆排放率的一个重要参考性指标.

关键词：机动车排放污染；车载测试；耦合影响；比功率

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针对目前我国污染源监控数据缺乏深层次利用,监测数据对污染源不能有效预警的状况,以S市某污水处理厂为例,在全面分析2010年出水COD在线监测数据的变化规律的基础上,建立基于频次分析法的预警阈值确定方法,确定了污水处理厂排放不同警情的阈值范围,结果显示,污水处理厂全年出水浓度集中在40～60mg/L,16:00,20:00以及22:00排水COD较高,超标率大,应加强监控.污水厂正常、一般、不正常以及极不正常状态阈值范围分别可设为小于30％频次、20％频次、10％频次以及超过10％频次对应的浓度范围.对污水厂全年监测数据进行警情状态验证,结果显示全年正常、一般、不正常以及极不正常状态出现的比例分别为70.4％、9.9％、9.8％以及9.9％.

关键词：污水处理厂；在线监测预警；阈值；频次法

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对氧等离子体改性前后的竹活性炭表面理化性质的改变及其对水溶液中苯胺的吸附特性进行了研究.结果表明,氧等离子体改性竹活性炭的表面物理性质变化较小,但是表面化学性质的变化十分显著.在实验条件下,当溶液pH值超过5.0以后,3种竹活性炭对苯胺的吸附效率达到最大并基本保持不变.吸附动力学研究表明,3种竹活性炭对苯胺的吸附过程均可以在480min内达到平衡,改性竹活性炭的苯胺平衡吸附量显著大于未改性炭,吸附过程均可以用准二级动力学模型和内部颗粒扩散模型进行描述.吸附等温线研究表明,3种竹活性炭对苯胺的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型.进一步的分析表明,π-π色散力和氢键作用的增强可能是导致改性竹活性炭吸附苯胺性能提高的主要原因.

关键词：竹活性炭；改性；吸附；苯胺；等离子体

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2011年8月1日～15日,在天山山地以约50km的间距取51个水样品,并对代表性Pb、Ni、Cd、Co、Hg、As、Cu、Mn、Zn、Cr 10种重金属元素进行测试.然后运用相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对这些重金属的赋存特征与来源做了探讨,结果表明:10种重金属变化范围为0～91.876μg/L.在所有水样中10种重金属元素平均浓度顺序为:Ni＞As＞Cu＞Zn＞Co＞Mn＞Hg＞Cd＞Pb;不同类型样品中重金属赋存特征为:灌溉渠道＞河流支流＞河流干流＞湖泊＞机井.相关分析结果显示,Cu、Mn、Hg、Zn、Ni和其他元素相关性较强.主成分分析表明,样品中重金属指标第1主成分Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Co和Cr来源于河流底部母岩矿物的风化及沿岸陆源碎屑矿物的自然风化侵蚀作用,第2主成分Mn、Hg、Zn、Pb来源于城镇附近的污染工厂及道路附近含铅污染物,第3主成分Hg、Pb、Cr主要来源于工农业排污.聚类分析表明:样品中重金元属可归为4类,其中Co、Ni、Cr为一类,Cd、Cu、As为一类,Pb、Zn、Mn为一类,Hg单独为一类.单一来源如,锌、铜矿开采、河流底母岩重金属迁移等因素对样品中重金属浓度影响较大.

关键词：天山；地表水；重金属；赋存特征；统计分析

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测定铜陵矿区的新桥至顺安河沉积物中5种重金属的全量和形态,并结合环境条件分析它们的迁移变化特征,以阐明不同重金属对河流沉积物环境影响的程度.结果表明,该区域沉积物重金属除Cr外,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的均值皆远超长江下游沉积物背景值,其中以Cu和Cd最显著.重金属横向迁移结果显示,矿山重金属会随着沉积物的距离增加而显著降低,新桥河沉积物的迁移变化显著高于顺安河沉积物.重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr皆以残渣态为优势,Cd则以酸提取态为主；迁移过程中Cu、Zn、Cr残渣态逐步增加,毒性减弱；Pb、Cd的活性态比例增大,仍有较高的释放风险.重金属的纵向迁移结果表明,离矿山的位置远近对沉积柱金属的总量和形态起决定作用；新桥河沉积物金属总量高、活性组分多且垂向变化幅度相对较小,说明尾矿堆积速度较快且释放风险较高；顺安河金属总量较低但垂向变化幅度较大,且多种元素的变化趋势不同,说明矿区下游河流沉积物既受尾矿的影响,也受河流流域物质本身的影响.

关键词：重金属；沉积物；迁移；铜陵矿区；新桥河；顺安河

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