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所属行业:电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业

  • 15451.一致的测量和表示能量存储系统的性能的协议

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    The U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Storage Systems (ESS) Program, through the support of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), facilitated the development of the protocol provided in this report. The focus of the protocol is to provide a uniform way of measuring, quantifying, and reporting the performance of EESs in various applications; something that does not exist today and, as such, is hampering the consideration and use of this technology in the market. The availability of an application-specific protocol for use in measuring and expressing performance-related metrics of ESSs will allow technology developers, power-grid operators and other end-users to evaluate the performance of energy storage technologies on a uniform and comparable basis. This will help differentiate technologies and products for specific application(s) and provide transparency in how performance is measured. It also will assist utilities and other consumers of ESSs make more informed decisions as they consider the potential application and use of ESSs, as well as form the basis for documentation that might be required to justify utility investment in such technologies.
    关键词:能量存储系统;文档;投资;性能评价
  • 15452.克服固执的纤维素生物质制浆前价值:合作研发最终报告,CRADA号码crd-07-221

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    The Value Prior to Pulping (VPP) project goal was to demonstrate the technical and commercial feasibility of introducing a new value stream into existing pulp and paper mills. Essentially the intent was to transfer the energy content of extracted hemicellulose from electricity and steam generated in the recovery boiler to a liquid transportation fuel. The hemicellulose fraction was extracted prior to pulping, fractionated, or conditioned if necessary, and fermented to ethanol. Commercial adaptation of the process to wood hemicelluloses was a prerequisite for using this less currently valued component available from biomass and wood. These hemicelluloses are predominately glucurono-xylan in hardwoods and galactoglucomannan in softwoods (with a significant softwood component of an arabino-xylan) and will yield fermentation substrates different from cellulose. NREL provided its expertise in the area of fermentation host evaluation using its Zymomonas strains on the CleanTech Partner's (CTP) VPP project. The project was focused on the production of fuel ethanol and acetic acid from hemicellulose streams generated from wood chips of industrially important hardwood and softwood species. NREL was one of four partners whose ethanologen was tested on the hydrolyzed extracts. The use of commercially available enzymes to treat oligomeric sugar extracts was also investigated and coupled with fermentation. Fermentations by NREL were conducted with the Zymomonas mobilis organism with most of the work being performed with the 8b strain. The wood extracts hydrolyzed and/or fermented by NREL were those derived from maple, mixed southern hardwoods, and loblolly pine. An unhydrolyzed variant of the mixed southern hardwood extract possessed a large concentration of oligomeric sugars and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with a number of enzymes, followed by fermentation. The fermentation of the wood extracts was carried out at bench scale in flasks or small bioreactors, with a maximum volume of 500 mL.
    关键词:生物质燃料;纤维素;乙酸;酶法水解;半纤维素
  • 15453.新能源存储技术:氧化还原液流电池

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    A REDOX flow battery as a large energy storage technology was reviewed in the paper. REDOX flow battery is a promising technology for the large scale of energy storage and can be expected as a new technology for energy storage device which can replace former secondary batteries. The recent research data and results concerning the REDOX flow battery technologies were summarized in the paper. Among many kinds of REDOX flow batteries the vanadium REDOX flow battery was mainly reviewed in this paper. The REDOX flow battery can be combined with the renewable energy systems, such as solar cell and wind power.
    关键词:氧化还原流体电池;能源存储;二次电池
  • 15454.模块化储能系统的新能源汽车

    [电气机械和器材制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,汽车制造业] [2013-12-24]

    An electrical vehicle environment was established to promote research and technology development in the area of high power energy management. The project incorporates a topology that permits parallel development of an alternative energy delivery system and an energy storage system. The objective of the project is to develop technologies, specifically power electronics, energy storage electronics and controls that provide efficient and effective energy management between electrically powered devices in alternative energy vehicles--plug-in electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, range extended vehicles, and hydrogen-based fuel cell vehicles. In order to meet the project objectives, the Vehicle Energy Management System (VEMS) was defined and subsystem requirements were obtained. Afterwards, power electronics, energy storage electronics and controls were designed. Finally, these subsystems were built, tested individually, and integrated into an electric vehicle system to evaluate and optimize the subsystems performance.
    关键词:储能系统;电动汽车;能源管理;燃料电池;混合动力汽车;插电式电动车
  • 15455.多功能(纳米)复合储能材料:迈向灵活的承重电池和超级电容器

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    Presented at the 2nd Multifunctional Materials for Defense Workshop in conjunction with the 2012 Annual Grantees’/Contractors’ Meeting for AFOSR Program on Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials & Microsystems Held 30 July - 3 August 2012 in Arlington, VA. Sponsored by AFRL, AFOSR, ARO, NRL, ONR, and ARL. U.S.
    关键词:能量储存;电容器;碳纳米管;锂电池;金属氧化物;纳米复合材料;超级电容器
  • 15456.我国首套焦炉气制压缩天然气装置投产吞废气吐能源

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    关键词:焦炉气;天然气装置;吞废气;吐能源
  • 15457.在华盛顿州生产生物炭和先进生物燃料的方法。第2部分生物质供应链和预处理技术的文献综述:从田间到热解反应器

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    Turning organic waste into resources like bio-fuels and other valuable products, in addition to recovering stable carbon and nutrients, promotes economic vitality and aides in the protection of the environment. This creates robust markets and sustainable jobs in multiple sectors of the economy and facilitates closed-loop material management where a by-product from one process becomes feedstock for another with no or minimal waste generated. The objective of this review is to describe existing technologies to create clean, non-polluting pyrolysis units for the production of energy, fuels and valuable by-products. The Department of Ecology and Washington State University provide this publication to help the public understand and take advantage of existing technologies to handle and pre-treat biomass resources that will be converted via fast or slow pyrolysis into liquid transportation fuels, bio-chemicals and biochar. Another goal of this project is to identify what new technologies need to be developed or what hurdles need to be overcome to convert organic waste resources available in Washington State into valuable products. This review does not represent an endorsement of the processes described and does not intend to exclude any technology or company offering similar services which, due to time and space limitations, was not cited in this report.
    关键词:生物质能;生物炭;燃料;热解;农作物生物质;副产品;碳储存;温室气体;生物燃料
  • 15458.中国电力电缆市场报告(2014-2018年)

    [电气机械和器材制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    A cable is an insulated wire that is used to transmit electricity in the range of 220 V to 500 kV. It is mainly used in overhead lines, buildings, and underground wiring applications to transmit highvoltage electricity. The power cables are available in different sizes and shapes according to the requirements of the Power Generation, Manufacturing, and Other industries.
    关键词:电缆;传输电力;绝缘导线;架空线路;发电;制造
  • 15459.共烧生物质与煤的化石燃料减少及其他益处——2010年北美洲工厂状态

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    Cofiring of biomass and coal at electrical generation facilities is gaining in importance as a means of reducing fossil fuel consumption, and more than 40 facilities in the United States have conducted test burns. Given the large size of many coal plants, cofiring at even low rates has the potential to utilize relatively large volumes of biomass. This could have important forest management implications if harvest residues or salvage timber are supplied to coal plants. Other feedstocks suitable for cofiring include wood products manufacturing residues, woody municipal wastes, agricultural residues, short-rotation intensive culture forests, or hazard fuel removals. Cofiring at low rates can often be done with minimal changes to plant handling and processing equipment, requiring little capital investment. Cofiring at higher rates can involve repowering entire burners to burn biomass in place of coal, or in some cases, repowering entire powerplants. Our research evaluates the current status of biomass cofiring in North America, identifying current trends and success stories, types of biomass used, coal plant sizes, and primary cofiring regions. We also identify potential barriers to cofiring. Results are presented for more than a dozen plants that are currently cofiring or have recently announced plans to cofire.
    关键词:生物质能;化石燃料;燃烧;工厂排放
  • 15460.生物质能生产用于发电的经济地位

    [电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2013-12-24]

    The opening decade of the twenty-first century has been marked by substantial increases in the cost of fossil-fuel based energy. This increase in energy costs has been driven by a variety of factors including the diminishing availability of these resources, political uncertainty in some of the major fossil-fuel producing regions of the world and a rapidly increasing demand from growing economies such as China and India (Clancy et al. 2008). Ireland, given its limited availability of domestic fossil-fuel, is particularly vulnerable to the uncertainty regarding future energy supply and prices.
    关键词:生物质能;经济;生产;发电
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