The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), held a Biogas and Fuel Cells Workshop on June 11-13, 2012, in Golden, Colorado, to discuss biogas and waste-to-energy technologies for fuel cell applications. The meeting was spearheaded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in coordination with the Biomass Program. The overall objective was to identify opportunities for coupling renewable biomethane with highly efficient fuel cells to produce electricity; heat; combined heat and power (CHP); or combined heat, hydrogen and power. The workshop focused on biogas sourced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfills, and industrial facilities that generate or process large amounts of organic waste, including large biofuel production facilities (biorefineries).

关键词：生物质能；生物质燃料；燃料电池；厌氧消化；沼气处理；直接能量转换；可再生能源

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Presentation on real-time imaging of plant cell wall structure at nanometer scale. Objectives are to develop tools to measure biomass at the nanometer scale; elucidate the molecular bases of biomass deconstruction; and identify factors that affect the conversion efficiency of biomass-to-biofuels.

关键词：生物质能；植物细胞；纤维素酶；降解；实时成像；分子生物学

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Fully biomass-based poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was obtained by polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and biomass-based succinic acid or dimethyl succinate. Succinic anhydride (SAn) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were also synthesized from furfural. Fully biomass-based poly(butylene oxide-co-butylene succinate) was obtained by ring-opening polymerization of biomass-based SAn and THF. Partially biomass-based poly(butylene terephthalate) was obtained by polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and petroleum-based terephthalic acid. The biomass carbon ratio calculated from ~(14)C concentrations measured by accelerator mass spectroscopy verified that the PBS obtained in this study contained only biomass carbon.

关键词：生物质能；糠醛；生物质基单体；碳比率

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On the base of the analysis of the electricity production and consumption characteristics of iron and steel enterprises,this paper has established a optimization model of electricity production in iron and steel enterprises which comprehensive considered the electricity,gas,and steam.It can do joint optimization scheduling from electricity production and outsourcing,gas distribution,and steam production three sides,so that it can provide a reasonable electricity production and outsourcing strategy for iron and steel enterprises to reduce the system operation costs.

关键词：钢铁；钢铁企业；电力；优化；节能

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关键词：天然气；开发

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报告从新能源相关定义、产业热点、产业研究、新能源相关数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：新能源；产业热点；产业研究；新能源数据

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报告从新能源相关定义、产业热点、产业研究、新能源相关数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：新能源；产业热点；产业研究；新能源数据

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The fuel cell (FC) is a source of energy that help to avoid pollution and thus contribute to solutions for global warming. This kind of battery is well known since many decades but its research for improving their efficiency is still in progress. Such battery could also be used for specific applications for example in agriculture where many devices operate in a limited area such as tractors, pumps, transfer systems treadmills of agricultural products. One important parameter among others is the diagnostic of their membranes state using real time humidity measurements to improve their efficiency. In this chapter, the basics of FC are first described and their various parameters described. The importance of humidity and its consequences on the efficiency of the FC are also summarized. The different techniques used for measuring the moisture content of the FC with their advantages and disadvantages are also presented before giving the results of measurements performed by our research team at the Nancy University Henri Poincare.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；含水量；性能优化

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Changes that carbon-supported platinum electrocatalysts undergo in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell environment were simulated by ex situ heat treatment of catalyst powder samples at 150 C and 100relative humidity. In order to study modifications that are introduced to chemistry, morphology, and performance of electrocatalysts, XPS, HREELS and three-electrode rotating disk electrode experiments were performed. Before heat treatment, graphitic content varied by 20among samples with different types of carbon supports, with distinct differences between bulk and surface compositions within each sample. Following the aging protocol, the bulk and surface chemistry of the samples were similar, with graphite content increasing or remaining constant and Pt-carbide decreasing for all samples. From the correlation of changes in chemical composition and losses in performance of the electrocatalysts, we conclude that relative distribution of Pt particles on graphitic and amorphous carbon is as important for electrocatalytic activity as the absolute amount of graphitic carbon present.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；电催化剂；X射线光电子能谱法

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This is the final report of the UC Davis Fuel Cell, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Vehicle (FCH2V) GATE Center of Excellence which spanned from 2005-2012. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) Program, to provide a new generation of engineers and scientists with knowledge and skills to create advanced automotive technologies. The UC Davis Fuel Cell, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Vehicle (FCH2V) GATE Center of Excellence established in 2005 is focused on research, education, industrial collaboration and outreach within automotive technology. UC Davis has had two independent GATE centers with separate well-defined objectives and research programs from 1998. The Fuel Cell Center, administered by ITS-Davis, has focused on fuel cell technology. The Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Design Center (HEV Center), administered by the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, has focused on the development of plug-in hybrid technology using internal combustion engines. The merger of these two centers in 2005 has broadened the scope of research and lead to higher visibility of the activity.

关键词：环境与资源；燃料电池；技术评估；插入式混合动力汽车

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