-
15161.长期议题（2012）：农民的选择与生物燃料的未来
[农、林、牧、渔业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
This paper focuses on the patterns of farmers choices regarding dedicated perennial lignocellulosic energy crops. Throughout this paper we use the term perennial as shorthand for warm season grasses such as those in the genus Panicum or Miscanthus, or short rotation tree crops such as those in the genus Populus or Salix. We focus on choices about these perennial crops because two thirds of the mandated advanced biofuels are expected to be converted at biorefineries from perennials (USDA 2010). RFS2 establishes the goals, but not mechanisms for achieving them. Mechanisms and incentives, however, are embedded in other legislation and programs.
关键词：生物质能；生物能源；农业分析；农民；土地利用
-
15162.煤制气困境：区域治霾全国增碳
[化学原料和化学制品制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业] [2014-03-26]
关键词：煤制气；大气污染；雾霾治理
-
15163.使用加氢热解和加氢转化技术将生物质转化为汽油和柴油的研究（报告期：2010.4.1——2012.12.1）
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
These studies show when using IH2 technology, biomass can be converted directly to transportation quality fuel blending components for the same capital cost required for pyrolysis alone, and a fraction of the cost of pyrolysis plus upgrading of pyrolysis oil. Technoeconomic work for IH2 and lifecycle analysis (LCA) work has also been completed as part of this DOE study and shows IH2 technology can convert biomass to gasoline and diesel blending components for less than $2.00/gallon with greater than 90reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of the work completed in this DOE project, a joint development agreement was reached with CRI Catalyst Company to license the IH2 technology.
关键词：生物质能；加氢热解；加氢转化；汽油；柴油；交通能源
-
15164.利用奶牛和肉牛畜牧生产的可再生能源及环境的可持续发展.卷1：热化学转化与直接燃烧法
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
Manure-based biomass (MBB) has the potential to be a source of green energy at large coal-fired power plants and on smaller-scale combustion systems at or near confined animal feeding operations. Although MBB particularly cattle biomass (CB) is a low quality fuel with an inferior heat value compared to coal and other fossil fuels, the concentration of it at large animal feeding operations can make it a viable source of fuel. The overall objective of this interdisciplinary proposal is to develop environmentally benign technologies to convert low-value inventories of dairy and beef cattle biomass into renewable energy. Current research expands the suite of technologies by which cattle biomass (CB: manure, and premature mortalities) could serve as a renewable alternative to fossil fuel.
关键词：生物质能；动物粪便；可再生能源；热转化；水污染控制
-
15165.木质纤维素生物质原料性质对内生真菌VOC属性的改变
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
Endophytic fungi have been shown to produce a range of moderate-molecular weight hydrocarbons (volatile organic compounds-VOC) directly from cellulosic biomass without any pretreatment. These organisms have the capacity to alter their VOC profile as a function of carbon source. We cultured a number of these fungi on potential biofuel biomass (corn stove, eucalyptus and switchgrass) as the sole carbon source and their growth rates were compared to potato dextrose agar. We then performed a VOC profile of the biomass-supported fungal cultures. Our findings are an important first step in developing industrial hosts (microbes or fungi) with both biomass deconstruction and fuel synthesis pathways.
关键词：生物质能；液体燃料；挥发性有机化合物；真菌；木质纤维素
-
15166.生物燃料的模拟和区域分析的国家地质数据库设计
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业] [2014-03-26]
关键词：生物质能；生物燃料；纤维素乙醇；数据库管理
-
15167.交通能源的未来（TEF项目系列）：成熟市场中投入燃料和电力生产的生物质能应用规划
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
this report identifies how biomass is projected to be most economically used in the long term and the implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and petroleum use. In order to better understand competition for biomass between these markets and the potential for biofuel as a market-scale alternative to petroleum-based fuels, this report presents results of a micro-economic analysis conducted using the Biomass Allocation and Supply Equilibrium (BASE) modeling tool. The findings indicate that biofuels can outcompete biopower for feedstocks in mature markets if research and development targets are met. The BASE tool was developed for this project to analyze the impact of multiple biomass demand areas on mature energy markets.
关键词：生物质能；代用燃料；经济分析；温室效应
-
15168.生物气燃料电池研讨会总结报告（2012.6.11——2012.6.13）
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), held a Biogas and Fuel Cells Workshop on June 11-13, 2012, in Golden, Colorado, to discuss biogas and waste-to-energy technologies for fuel cell applications. The meeting was spearheaded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in coordination with the Biomass Program. The overall objective was to identify opportunities for coupling renewable biomethane with highly efficient fuel cells to produce electricity; heat; combined heat and power (CHP); or combined heat, hydrogen and power. The workshop focused on biogas sourced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfills, and industrial facilities that generate or process large amounts of organic waste, including large biofuel production facilities (biorefineries).
关键词：生物质能；生物质燃料；燃料电池；厌氧消化；沼气处理；直接能量转换；可再生能源
-
15169.纳米级植物细胞壁结构实时成像技术，有关纤维素酶易得性及降解的动力学分析
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,医药制造业] [2014-03-26]
Presentation on real-time imaging of plant cell wall structure at nanometer scale. Objectives are to develop tools to measure biomass at the nanometer scale; elucidate the molecular bases of biomass deconstruction; and identify factors that affect the conversion efficiency of biomass-to-biofuels.
关键词：生物质能；植物细胞；纤维素酶；降解；实时成像；分子生物学
-
15170.从生物质基糠醛聚酯合成生物质基单体的研究及其生物质碳比率评估
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-03-26]
Fully biomass-based poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was obtained by polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and biomass-based succinic acid or dimethyl succinate. Succinic anhydride (SAn) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were also synthesized from furfural. Fully biomass-based poly(butylene oxide-co-butylene succinate) was obtained by ring-opening polymerization of biomass-based SAn and THF. Partially biomass-based poly(butylene terephthalate) was obtained by polycondensation of biomass-based 1,4-butanediol and petroleum-based terephthalic acid. The biomass carbon ratio calculated from ~(14)C concentrations measured by accelerator mass spectroscopy verified that the PBS obtained in this study contained only biomass carbon.
关键词：生物质能；糠醛；生物质基单体；碳比率
027-87841330