2013 年下半年以来，受宏观经济缓慢复苏叠加南方高温的影响，全社会用电量增速持续回升，全年全社会用电量5.32 万亿千瓦时、同比增长7.5%，增速比上年提高1.9 个百分点，电力供需总体平衡。展望2014 年，我国经济仍将继续保持平稳较快增长态势，对电力需求产生带动作用。但是，随着未来环保压力的加大，同时在加快结构调整、化解过剩产能背景下，我国淘汰落后产能步伐将会加快，必将对用电需求增长产生一定抑制，而第二产业用电量仍将保持低速增长，也对全社会用电量增速产生影响。预计2014 年我国全社会用电量较2013 年略有回落，同比增长7.0%左右。

关键词：电力；非化石能源发电；火电；水电；煤炭；煤电；体制改革；政策

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2014 年以来，经济基本面对煤炭需求的拉动力度整体偏弱，煤炭进口高位波动，由于下游需求不振、煤炭价格持续下跌，中小煤矿全面复产可能性较小，煤炭供给低位波动，煤炭供求处于基本平衡、略显宽松的格局。3 月以后，随着气温回升，北方取暖结束，季节性需求明显走低，同时部分地方煤矿复产，煤炭供给有所反弹，煤炭供求逐步宽松方向发展，甚或面临较大过剩压力。展望2014 年全年，从煤炭需求看，我国经济企稳回升态势明显，预计2014 年仍将保持7.5%左右的增速。考虑国家不断加大大气污染治理力度，京津冀、长三角和珠三角等主要煤炭消费地区需求将受到抑制，但替代能源技术成熟度和经济可行性有待进一步提升，全国煤炭需求将继续保持小幅增长，全年煤炭消费量约为36.65 亿吨，同比增长1.5%左右。

关键词：煤炭；需求；产量；库存；进出口；投资

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UOP LLC, a Honeywell Company, assembled a comprehensive team for a two-year project to demonstrate innovative methods for the stabilization of pyrolysis oil in accordance with DOE Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) DE-PS36-08GO98018, Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (Bio-oil) Stabilization. In collaboration with NREL, PNNL, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Pall Fuels and Chemicals, and Ensyn Corporation, UOP developed solutions to the key technical challenges outlined in the FOA. The UOP team proposed a multi-track technical approach for pyrolysis oil stabilization. Conceptually, methods for pyrolysis oil stabilization can be employed during one or both of two stages: (1) during the pyrolysis process (In Process); or (2) after condensation of the resulting vapor (Post-Process). Stabilization methods fall into two distinct classes: those that modify the chemical composition of the pyrolysis oil, making it less reactive; and those that remove destabilizing components from the pyrolysis oil. During the project, the team investigated methods from both classes that were suitable for application in each stage of the pyrolysis process. The post processing stabilization effort performed at PNNL is described in this report.

关键词：生物质能；高温分解；热解油

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A CHARMM molecular mechanics force field for lignin is derived. Parameteriza- tion is based on reproducing quantum mechanical data of model compounds. Partial atomic charges are derived by the examination of methoxybenzene: water interactions. Dihedral parameters are optimized by fitting to critical rotational potentials, and bonded parameters are obtained by optimizing vibrational frequencies and normal modes. The force field is validated by performing a molecular dynamics simulation of a crystal of a lignin fragment molecule and comparing simulation-derived structural features with experimental results. Together with the existing force field for polysaccharides, this work will enable full simulations of lignocellulose.

关键词：生物质能；纤维素；乙醇；生物质转化；分子动力学；仿真；木质纤维素生物质

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Problems in enzymatic conversion of biomass to sugars include the use of incomplete synergistic enzymes, end-product inhibition, and adsorption and loss of enzymes necessitating their use in large quantities. Technova Corporation will develop a defined consortium of natural microorganisms that will efficiently break down biomass to energy-rich soluble sugars, and convert them to cleaner-burning ethanol fuel. The project will also develop a novel biocatalytic hybrid reactor system dedicated to this bioprocess, which embodies recent advances in nanotechnology. NREL will participate to develop a continuous fermentation process.

关键词：生物质能；纤维素废弃物；乙醇；生物反应器；生物转化；可再生能源

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In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot- and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents.

关键词：生物质能；碳氢化合物；催化剂；生物质转化；燃料

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This technology pathway case investigates converting woody biomass using ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis followed by upgrading to gasoline-, diesel-, and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks. Technical barriers and key research needs that should be pursued for this pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived blendstocks have been identified.

关键词：生物质能；热解技术；催化剂；化学分析

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This paper highlights an example of how synergistic development of biomass resources and geospatial intelligence high-performance computing capabilities can be focused to resolve potential drought-famine problems. These techniques, provide a basis for future e-science-based discovery (and access) through technology that can be expanded to support global societal applications.

关键词：生物质能；地球资源；可再生能源；生态系统

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The potential silica nanospring (NS) supported cobalt catalyst (Co/SiO2-NS) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was investigated, and the results were compared with those of a conventional silica gel supported cobalt catalyst (Co/SiO2-gel). Co/SiO2-gel and Co/SiO2-NS catalysts were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation method and a thermal assisted reduction process, respectively, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 physisorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and H2-temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR). The catalysts were evaluated for their conversion of syngas to products in a quartz fix-bed micro-reactor (230 DGC, atm pressure). The FTS products were trapped and characterized by GC-MS to determine conversion efficiency. The products (alkanes) for both catalysts ranged from C1 to C21 and would be a suitable substrate for diesel. The results show that the NS approach for a FTS catalyst support shows promise for generating fuels from syngas.

关键词：生物质能；生物燃料；催化作用；气化；SEM；EDS；TEM

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An optimum biomass fuel briquette was obtained with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as the major ingredients.Co-firing coal with biomass is a possible approach for power plant to curb the excessive emission of carbon dioxide.In this study,bio-briquette having 50％ coal and 50％ biomass which consisted of the ingredients of optimum biomass fuel briquette were studied in details.Comparison of the fuel properties,combustion characteristics and carbon dioxide emission between the optimum biomass fuel briquette and bio-briquette was made.

关键词：生物质能；生物型煤；共烧

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