The primary objectives of this project are to demonstrate: (1) energy efficiency gains achievable in small- to medium-sized buildings with MPC- based whole-building optimal control and (2) reduction in first costs achievable with a wireless sensor network (WSN)-based building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control system compared to a conventional wired system. The second objective is key because first cost is a barrier to wider application of advanced HVAC control and 70of the first cost is attributed to installation (wiring) and commissioning.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；建筑节能；ESTCP（环境安全技术认证计划）；HVAC（采暖通风与空调）

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This guide helps users get started with the U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory Fuel Cell Power (FCPower) Model Version 2, which is a Microsoft Excel workbook that analyzes the technical and economic aspects of high-temperature fuel cell-based distributed energy systems with the aim of providing consistent, transparent, comparable results. This type of energy system would provide onsite-generated heat and electricity to large end users such as hospitals and office complexes. The hydrogen produced could be used for fueling vehicles or stored for later conversion to electricity.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；分布式能源；建模；发电厂；可再生能源

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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；分布式能源；能源替代品；能源核算

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在经历了上年的快速发展后，1～2月新能源行业进入调整期：风电新增装机较上年同期提高18万千瓦，但行业投资额和设备利用小时较上年出现下降；核电发电量实现稳步增长，但设备利用小时有所下滑；上年装机迅猛增长透支了部分市场空间，太阳能发电新增装机有所下降。虽然前两个月新能源行业发展有所放缓，但这是行业经历上年快速增长后的调整阶段，并不会改变行业未来稳步发展的总体趋势。预计2014年1季度，新能源行业发展将以调整为主，其中风电和太阳能发电新增装机将继续保持增长态势。

关键词：新能源；总体形势；风电核电；发电量

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1～2月份，全国电力供需平衡。受市场需求增长乏力及1月份气温偏高等因素影响，全社会用电量增速同比回落，第三产业和城乡居民生活用电量增速较低，轻工业用电量增长缓慢，四大高耗能行业用电量增速回落幅度较大。全国水电发电量保持快速增长，但增量主要集中在云南和四川两省。电网投资同比较快增长，电源投资下降较多，其中水电投资下降超过30%。基建新增发电装机容量与上年同期基本相当。2014年上半年，预计我国经济将呈现“前低后稳”的态势，一季度中国经济增长将低于7.5%。预计一季度全社会用电量增速达到5%，电力消费增速预计将比2013年小幅回落。随着未来环保压力的加大，同时在加快结构调整、化解过剩产能背景下，我国淘汰落后产能步伐将会加快，必将对用电需求增长产生一定抑制。

关键词：电力行业；总体形势；工业增加值；消费水平

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We conducted a vehicle analysis to assess the feasibility of thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery and conversion to useful electrical power and found that eliminating the 500 W of electrical power generated by the alternator corresponded to about a 7increase in fuel economy (FE) for a small car and about 6for a full size truck. Electric power targets of 300 W were established for city and highway driving cycles for this project. We obtained critical vehicle level information for these driving cycles that enabled a highlevel design and performance analysis of radiator and exhaust gas thermoelectric subsystems for several potential vehicle platforms, and we identified the location and geometric envelopes of the radiator and exhaust gas thermoelectric subsystems. Based on this analysis, we selected the Chevrolet Suburban as the most suitable demonstration vehicle for this project. Our modeling and thermal analysis assessment of a radiator-based thermoelectric generator (TEG), however, revealed severe practical limitations.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；余热回收；电力废气；燃油经济性；绩效评价

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An advanced energy management and control system in an existing building in the Construction and Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for Army at Urbana-Champaign (IL) was demonstrated. The medium-size office building underwent a retrofit of the HVAC system and controls employing a technology called optimal Model Predictive Control (MPC) which offers significant potential for saving energy by providing a means to dynamically optimize various sub-systems to take advantage of building utilization and weather patterns, and utility rate structures. A multi-variable optimization problem to minimize energy consumption and cost while guaranteeing zonal comfort over a 3 hour predictive horizon was formulated and solved periodically on line. The algorithms were integrated with the building automation system and evaluated experimentally at the demonstration site. A 45-50reduction in HVAC system energy use was demonstrated while improving occupant comfort. A 10-15installation cost reduction was accomplished due to the use of a robust wireless sensor network versus a fully wired network.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；建筑节能；ESTCP（环境安全技术认证计划）；HVAC（采暖通风与空调）

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2014 年以来，经济基本面对煤炭需求的拉动力度整体偏弱，煤炭进口高位波动，由于下游需求不振、煤炭价格持续下跌，中小煤矿全面复产可能性较小，煤炭供给低位波动，煤炭供求处于基本平衡、略显宽松的格局。3 月以后，随着气温回升，北方取暖结束，季节性需求明显走低，同时部分地方煤矿复产，煤炭供给有所反弹，煤炭供求逐步宽松方向发展，甚或面临较大过剩压力。展望2014 年全年，从煤炭需求看，我国经济企稳回升态势明显，预计2014 年仍将保持7.5%左右的增速。考虑国家不断加大大气污染治理力度，京津冀、长三角和珠三角等主要煤炭消费地区需求将受到抑制，但替代能源技术成熟度和经济可行性有待进一步提升，全国煤炭需求将继续保持小幅增长，全年煤炭消费量约为36.65 亿吨，同比增长1.5%左右。

关键词：煤炭；价格；产量；需求；进出口

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2013 年，受国内经济增长乏力影响，我国电力设备制造业发展速度有所放慢。从供求看，发电设备和输变电设备发展出现分化，其中受电源投资放缓影响发电设备产量出现下降，而主要输变电设备在电网建设加速带动下产量稳步增长；从投资看，下游需求的疲软导致企业投资动力不足，行业固定资产投资增速明显放慢。但值得欣喜的是，国家行业结构优化升级政策效果初显，行业效益有所回升，行业主营业务收入和利润增速有所提高。综合来看，预计2014 年，电力设备制造业下游需求将继续改善，出口将稳步增长，同时在政府调控和市场倒逼机制作用下，行业结构将持续优化。但也要看到，未来行业产能过剩的状况将依然存在，低价竞争仍会是企业市场竞争的重要手段，大部分电力设备制造企业经营效益依然会低位徘徊，行业未来发展形势依然较为严峻。

关键词：电力设备；低效能电机；高效能电机；市场分析

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This paper deals with modifications of combustion equipment in order to reduce harmful flue gas emissions in a boiler MA 23. The hot water boiler MA 23 belongs to gasification boilers for dry lump wood combustion; it is intended primarily for the heating of family houses, cottages, small office buildings and other small buildings and has the maximum required heat output of 23 kW. The boiler was tested in several modes, based on the requirements of the standard EN 303-5 dealing with emission limits. A basic requirement was the implementation of technical measures described in the paper and a proposal of method of regulation of flue gas volumetric flow rate and of installation in order to keep emission levels below the required limit.

关键词：生物质能；气体排放；排放水平；热解炉

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