关键词：生物质能；可再生能源；电网；电网整合；期货
摘 要：This is Volume 4 of the Renewable Electricity Futures Study: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures. The Renewable Electricity Futures Study (RE Futures), is an initial investigation of the extent to which renewable energy supply can meet the electricity demands of the continental United States over the next several decades. This study explores the implications and challenges of very high renewable electricity generation levels - from 30up to 90, focusing on 80, of all U.S. electricity generation from renewable technologies - in 2050. The study explores electricity grid integration using models with unprecedented geographic and time resolution for the contiguous United States to assess whether the U.S. power system can supply electricity to meet customer demand on an hourly basis with high levels of renewable electricity, including variable wind and solar generation.