报告从主要发电企业集团动态、电力产业环境、国内电网动态、电力设备行业信息、港台电力行业信息、国际动态等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：电力；集团动态；产业环境；电网动态；行业信息；国际动态

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Infrared (IR) detectors have found wide-spread use in military applications including night-vision, rifle sights, surveillance gear, and tracking and guidance systems. These detectors provide a means for information collection and increased situational awareness, allowing for threat identification and informed decision making. The IR sensors used in these detectors can be categorized into two classes Photon (or quantum) and Thermal depending on the physics of operation. Photon detectors operate by the creation of an electrical signal in semiconducting material produced from the electronic absorption of incoming photons, and the signal is read as a photocurrent or at a photovoltaic p-n junction. These detectors can provide high-sensitivity and fast refresh rates and are typically found in applications with high- sensitivity requirements. Unfortunately, these detectors require sub-100 K cooling to lower thermal noise for optimal performance making them both bulky and expensive.

关键词：红外探测器；数据采集；铁电；电力系统

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Today's utility planners have a different market and economic context than their predecessors, including planning for the growth of renewable energy. State and federal support policies, solar photovoltaic (PV) price declines, and the introduction of new business models for solar PV ownership are leading to increasing interest in solar technologies (especially PV); however, solar introduces myriad new variables into the utility resource planning decision. Most, but not all, utility planners have less experience analyzing solar than conventional generation as part of capacity planning, portfolio evaluation, and resource procurement decisions. To begin to build this knowledge, utility staff expressed interest in one effort: utility exchanges regarding data, methods, challenges, and solutions for incorporating solar in the planning process. Through interviews and a questionnaire, this report aims to begin this exchange of information and capture utility-provided information about: (1) how various utilities approach long-range resource planning; (2) methods and tools utilities use to conduct resource planning; and, (3) how solar technologies are considered in the resource planning process. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Solar Electric Power Association (SEPA) worked together to engage utilities directly to research this topic and author this report. An advisory council of electric industry experts guided the methodology used and provided feedback on draft analysis. The main sources of information captured in this report were predominantly from utilities. The authors conducted interviews with electric sector representatives from 13 entities (9 of which were utilities) and developed a utility questionnaire that secured more specific modeling data sources and methodologies from 28 utilities in 22 states.

关键词：太阳能发电机；电力公用事业；经济分析；电力

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Systems descriptions, costs, technical and market readiness assessments are reported for ten solar technologies: solar heating and cooling of buildings (SHACOB), passive, agricultural and industrial process heat (A/IPH), biomass, ocean thermal (OTEC), wind (WECS), solar thermal electric, photovoltaics, satellite power station (SPS), and solar total energy systems (STES). Study objectives, scope, and methods are presented. The cost and market analyses portion of Joint Task 5213/6103 will be used to make commercialization assessments in the conclusions of the final report.

关键词：太阳能；电力系统；光伏电源;；风力发电

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We deployed a 855 cm2 thin-film, single-junction gallium arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic (PV) module outdoors. Due to its fundamentally different cell technology compared to silicon (Si), the module responds differently to outdoor conditions.

关键词：光伏电池;镓砷化物;薄膜;砷化镓太阳能电池

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At present,there are many commonly used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods for solar photovoltaic system which have different degrees of output fluctuations.In order to solve the problem and improve the response speed further,a novel MPPT algorithm based on the extreme learning machine was put forward in this paper.Using the extreme learning machine which has small error,fast speed and simple structure train a mathematical model with the environmental temperature and light intensity as input and the maximum power point as output,the model can be used as the controller of the photovoitaic cells.The simulation results show that the error of the model meets the requirements,when the ambient temperature and light intensity change,it can respond quickly so as to photovoltaic cells work at the maximum power point and operate stably.

关键词：光伏; MPPT;极端学习机;快速; SIMULINK

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Since CuInSe2 (commonly called as CIS) materials has become one of most important photovoltaic materials,they are investigated with optical spectroscopies in this paper.The crystal structure,surface microstructure morphology and composition of the samples are analyzed in XRD and SEM with EDX,and the surface electronic state and optical properties of the samples are characterized in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Ultraviolet-visible Spectrum instruments.The results show that CIS phase is very uniform,some impurity phases appear in the samples,the atomic distributing percentages of the surfaces of bulk samples are very consistent in the composition ratio forming the crystal phases of the samples,and the atomic electrons are more active than ones in the relevant elements.Furthermore,the thin film of the sample has high solar energy absorptivity,and is suitable for to be manufactured as solar cell.

关键词：太阳能电池; CulnSe2;组织;电力系统

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Radioisotope power systems (RPS) for space applications have powered over 27 U.S. space systems, starting with Transit 4A and 4B in 1961, and more recently with the successful landing of the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity in August 2012. RPS enable missions with destinations far from the Sun with faint solar flux, on planetary surfaces with dense or dusty atmospheres, and at places with long eclipse periods where solar array sizes and energy storage mass become impractical. RPS could also provide an enabling capability in support of human exploration activities. It is envisioned that with the higher power needs of most human mission concepts, a high efficiency thermal-to-electric technology would be required such as the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope generator (ASRG). The ASRG should be capable of a four-fold improvement in efficiency over traditional thermoelectric RPS. While it may be impractical to use RPS as a main power source, many other applications could be considered, such as crewed pressurized rovers, in-situ resource production of propellants, back-up habitat power, drilling, any mobile or remote activity from the main base habitat, etc. This paper will identify potential applications and provide concepts that could be a practical extension of the current ASRG design in providing for robust and flexible use of RPS on human exploration missions.

关键词：光电转换；航空航天系统；储能

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Distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects must go through an interconnection study process before connecting to the distribution grid. These studies are intended to identify the likely impacts and mitigation alternatives. In the majority of the cases, system impacts can be ruled out or mitigation can be identified without an involved study, through a screening process or a simple supplemental review study. For some proposed projects, expensive and time-consuming interconnection studies are required. The challenges to performing the studies are twofold. First, every study scenario is potentially unique, as the studies are often highly specific to the amount of PV generation capacity that varies greatly from feeder to feeder and is often unevenly distributed along the same feeder. This can cause location-specific impacts and mitigations. The second challenge is the inherent variability in PV power output which can interact with feeder operation in complex ways, by affecting the operation of voltage regulation and protection devices. The typical simulation tools and methods in use today for distribution system planning are often not adequate to accurately assess these potential impacts. This report demonstrates how quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulation and high time-resolution data can be used to assess the potential impacts in a more comprehensive manner. The QSTS simulations are applied to a set of sample feeders with high PV deployment to illustrate the usefulness of the approach. The report describes methods that can help determine how PV affects distribution system operations. The simulation results are focused on enhancing the understanding of the underlying technical issues. The examples also highlight the steps needed to perform QSTS simulation and describe the data needed to drive the simulations. The goal of this report is to make the methodology of time series power flow analysis readily accessible to utilities and others responsible for evaluating potential PV impacts.

关键词：光伏电源;发电;互联电力系统

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This report documents the development of a framework for a numerical modeling application that can help installation managers develop optimal land- use policies that support competing uses to the greatest extent feasible. Specifically, this framework is de-signed for modeling landscapes that must concurrently maximize a military training mission, conservation of ecosystem services needed by species at risk, and development of renewable energy resources. These competing land uses have become necessary in recent decades due to emerging regulatory requirements for environmental conservation and strategic requirements for producing renewable energy on military lands. The modeling framework includes a table of land-use needs, land-use suitability maps, and a land-use compatibility matrix, which will be implemented as part of the user interface for the proposed numerical model. In a later phase of this work the framework will be extended to include the time domain, which will play a significant role in scheduling military training and testing activities to avoid interfering with certain essential but conflicting factors such as endangered species breeding cycles or the seasonal availability of solar exposure for photovoltaic production.

关键词：生态系统;濒危物种;数值模拟;可持续发展

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