Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Somerset County and Westmoreland County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication.

关键词：天然气；景观；提取物；干扰；;破碎；方法论

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NREL and Solar Power Industries will cooperate to evaluate technology for producing solar grade silicon from industrial waste of the phosphorus industry, as developed by the Institute of Physics and Technology (IPT), Kazakhstan. Evaluation will have a technical component to assess the material quality and a business component to assess the economics of the IPT process. The total amount of silicon produced by IPT is expected to be quite limited (50 kg), so evaluations will need to be done on relatively small quantities (5 kg/sample). Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, including NREL, have been placing subcontracts for research and development services with scientific institutes in the Newly Independent States (NIS) under various DOE programs for many years.

关键词：硅太阳能电池；实验室；太阳能

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The goal of this Task Order was to assess the proposed test conditions used for evaluating life cycle durability of high-pressure hydrogen fuel containers. The key test conditions evaluated were representative high and low cycling temperatures, static hold time at high pressure, and the number of pneumatic hydrogen cycles required to reveal poor durability performance of high-pressure hydrogen fuel containers. The results of this Task Order provide data for NHTSAs assessment and consideration as it evaluates the safety performance of compressed hydrogen fuel systems and the need for enhancement of appropriate FMVSS. In addition, the results of this Task Order provide data to assist in resolving several open issues and concerns in the pneumatic test sequence of the 2009 edition of the Expected-Service Performance Verification Test procedure in the SAE Technical Information Report (TIR) 2579 for Fuel Systems in Fuel Cell and Other Hydrogen Vehicles.

关键词：容器；耐久性；电池；燃料系统；氢气

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We have demonstrated that multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) films decorated with noble metal nanoparticles can be used to generate photoelectric current from visible and near ultraviolet light. It is also interesting to note that some insights into the photo-generation mechanism can be inferred comparing the experimental results to the theoretical density functional theory simulations. A mechanism of photo charge generation is described in which the presence of the noble metal particles on the tubes deeply modifies the electronic properties of the CNT hybrid and makes available additional charges that are involved in the photo generation process. The main consequence is that a remarkable increase in the photocurrent response is registered in all the photon spectral range studied. The new kind of Graetzel-like solar cell device was built without dye and TiO2, showing an IPCE up to 20%.

关键词：碳纳米管；;密度泛函理论；染料；电流

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The interface between surface-modified semiconducting nanoparticles and polymers often contributes to the limited efficiency of hybrid photovoltaic cells and luminescent devices. We prepared, characterized and investigated (1) the nanocomposite formed between quantum dot (3 nm) cadmium sulfide capped with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) and a copolymer of poly(phenylene ethynylene); (2) nanocomposites of silver nanowires with fluorescent poly(phenyleneethynylene); and (3) fulleropyrrolidine derivatives substituted with oligophenyleneethynylene-ferrocene conjugates. Publication of the results for (1) and (3) are under construction; those for (2) may be found in Nanocomposites of Silver Nanowires with a Fluorescent Poly (phenyleneethynylene): Morphological Implications for Photovoltaic Devices. Reyes Flores, Eduardo Arias, Ivana Moggio, Arturo Ponce, Carlos Gallardo-Vega, Fernando Galembeck, Rubia F. Gouveia, and Ronald F. Ziolo, Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research, 2012, 7, 158-169.

关键词：充电设备；太阳能混合电池；光伏材料

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The estimation of temperature inside battery cells requires accurate information about the cooling conditions even when the temperature of the battery surface is measured.

关键词：锂电池；热性能；卡尔曼滤波；数学模型

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in association with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), held a Biogas and Fuel Cells Workshop on June 11-13, 2012, in Golden, Colorado, to discuss biogas and waste-to-energy technologies for fuel cell applications. The meeting was spearheaded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in coordination with the Biomass Program. The overall objective was to identify opportunities for coupling renewable biomethane with highly efficient fuel cells to produce electricity; heat; combined heat and power (CHP); or combined heat, hydrogen and power (referred to as CHHP or trigeneration) for stationary or motive applications. The workshop focused on biogas sourced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfills, and industrial facilities that generate or process large amounts of organic waste, including large biofuel production facilities (biorefineries).

关键词：生物质燃料；燃料电池；厌氧消化；沼气

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An acoustical evaluation of the engine test cell facilities at Misawa AB, Japan, was performed in December 2012. This assessment was accomplished to help determine overall sound pressure levels during multiple power settings of aircraft engine run-up procedures. It was determined that personnel performing these duties are exposed to hazardous noise levels. Therefore, it was recommended that engine test cell facilities should remain labeled as hazardous noise areas, personnel should be enrolled in the hearing conservation program and receive audiograms, and noise dosimetry should be performed to better characterize the cumulative noise exposures.

关键词：声学；飞机发动机的噪音；发动机试验

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Polymer-Electrolyte-Fuel-Cells (PEFCs) are promising candidates for powering vehicles and portable devices using renewable-energy sources. The core of a PEFC is the solid electrolyte membrane that conducts protons from anode to cathode, where water is generated. The conductivity of the membrane, however, depends on the water content of the membrane, which is strongly related to the cell operating conditions. The membrane and other cell components are typically compressed to minimize various contact resistances. Moreover, the swelling of a somewhat constrained membrane in the cell due to the humidity changes generates additional compressive stresses in the membrane. These external stresses are balanced by the internal swelling pressure of the membrane and change the swelling equilibrium. It was shown using a fuel-cell setup that compression could reduce the water content of the membrane or alter the cell resistance. Nevertheless, the effect of compression on the membranes transport properties is yet to be understood, as well as its implications in the structure-functions relationships of the membrane. We previously studied, both experimentally and theoretically, how compression affects the water content of the membrane. However, more information is required the gain a fundamental understanding of the compression effects. In this talk, we present the results of our investigation on the in-situ conductivity of the membrane as a function of humidity and cell compression pressure. Moreover, to better understand the morphology of compressed membrane, small-angle X-ray-scattering (SAXS) experiments were performed. The conductivity data is then analyzed by investigating the size of the water domains of the compressed membrane determined from the SAXS measurements.

关键词：燃料电池；固体电解质；聚合物；阳极

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Former Johnson Space Center engineer David Bergeron used his experience on the Advanced Refrigeration Technology Team to found SunDanzer Refrigeration Inc., a company specializing in solar-powered refrigerators. The company has created a battery-free unit that provides safe storage for vaccines in rural and remote areas around the world.

关键词：电池；电能；公共健康

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