A 37-year-old diesel mechanic employed by a railroad transportation company died when his loaded utility truck collided with the rear of a semi-trailer on a four-lane interstate highway. The mechanic was driving at highway speed during daylight hours when he failed to stop in time and struck the semi, which was moving slowly in traffic that had backed up due to a car fire two miles downstream. There was severe damage to the mechanic's truck, with underside of the cab and intrusion up to the right rear tires of the trailer ahead. The force of the collision caused a chain reaction, pushing the struck tractor-trailer forward into a second tractor-trailer that had stopped in backed up traffic. Fire and rescue responders arrived from the nearby town located four miles away. The mechanic, who was wearing a safety belt, suffered blunt force trauma as a result of the collision and was pronounced deceased at the scene. He was extricated by mechanical means from the truck cab and was found holding a cell phone. Law enforcement officers' examination of the phone activity revealed the mechanic had exchanged several voice/text messages prior to the crash and was initiating a voice/text message application at the time of the collision. The driver's failure to notice the tractor trailer ahead and stop in time was attributed to texting. Drivers of the other two vehicles were not severely injured.

关键词：汽车；交通安全；机动车事故

查看摘要 索取原文[17页]

Improvised explosive devices and car bombs have long been identified as threats to U.S. Army personnel deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan. They have gained considerable attention and notoriety, even infamy, among our troops, who have had to learn the appropriate responses and countermeasures to contend with the fielding of these systems against them. Far less recognized is the fact that a similar threat embodied in car bombs has emerged much closer to our homeland within Mexico. Since mid-2010, cartel car bombings have taken place in a country on our southern border and have been targeted against both the forces of opposing cartels and those belonging to Mexican military and law enforcement agencies. With the election of the new presidential Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) administration in July 2012, these car bombings have ceased altogether after rapidly escalating in their levels of employment. Whether this was a response to the expected shift in countercartel policies from the National Action Party (PAN) to the PRI administration that began in December 2012, simply a strategic pause of some sort, or an outcome of another casual factor is unknown. What is important is that the use of car bombs in Mexico by the cartels has the potential to threaten U.S. agents, facilities, and interests in that nation and could also conceivably spread to our border cities though this would appear to be a very unlikely possibility based on the use of car bomb trends and analysis presented in this Paper. The authors of this Letort Paper, Dr. Robert Bunker and John Sullivan, draw upon their wealth of knowledge and expertise pertaining to the Mexican cartels and organized crime and, interestingly, is derived from their long-standing counterterrorism backgrounds with regard to suicide bombing and active aggressor response.

关键词：汽车；汽车爆炸；交通安全

查看摘要 索取原文[72页]

关键词：汽车；交叉研究；交通安全

查看摘要 索取原文[29页]

据国家旅游局发布的统计数据显示，上半年国内旅游人数20.24 亿人次，同比增长9.9%；国内旅游消费1.65 万亿元，增长14.5%，比社会消费品零售总额增速高4.1 个百分点。

关键词：入境游；出境游；统计数据

查看摘要 索取原文[9页]

In this research, the feasibility of using mobile traffic sensors for binary vehicle classification on arterial roads is investigated. Features (e.g. speed related, acceleration/deceleration related, etc.) are extracted from vehicle traces (passenger cars, trucks) collected from real world arterial roads. Machine learning techniques such as support vector machines (SVM) are developed to distinguish passenger cars from trucks using these features. To address privacy concerns, classification is conducted using long vehicle traces and short vehicle traces separately. For classification using long traces, the proportions of accelerations and decelerations larger than 1mpss and the standard deviations of accelerations and decelerations are the most effective features. By classifying general trucks from passenger cars, the average misclassification rate for the best 4-feature SVM model is about 1.6% for the training data, and 4.2% for the testing data. For classification using short traces, it is necessary to define multiple types of traces and analyze them case-by-case. It was found that particularly for the turning movement traces, features such as average speed, standard deviation of speed, maximum acceleration/deceleration and standard deviation of acceleration/deceleration are fairly effective to classify vehicles. The misclassification rate for the best SVM classifier using short traces is about 14.8% for the stop-and-go traffic, and 15.6% for the non-stopped traffic.

关键词：汽车；汽车分类；传感器

查看摘要 索取原文[47页]

This study responds to the need to screen events observed during naturalistic driving studies to derive a set of crashes and near crashes with common etiologies; these crashes are referred to as "well-defined surrogate events." Two factors are critical to the identification of these well-defined surrogate events: selection of screening criteria and the designation of a time window to be used for event search. Testing conducted by using an algorithm developed in a previous study is described. The algorithm allows for the use of a range of search criteria to identify events with common etiology from unrefined naturalistic driving data. A range of kinematic search criteria was used to screen events, including lateral and longitudinal accelerations averaged over different time windows and characterized by average as well as maximum values during a time window. The testing was conducted with data from road departure events collected during a concluded 100-car naturalistic driving study. Fifty-one nonintersection and 12 intersection-related run-off-road events were included in the testing. Different sets of events were identified with different search criteria and different time windows. Diagnostic tools borrowed from medicine identified the best screening criteria and tune windows. The methods allowed for enhanced identification of well-defined surrogates by using covariates such as driver attribute context and driver fatigue. The research illustrates a flexible procedure that uses a variety of statistical methods shown to effectively screen crashes and near crashes.

关键词：汽车；安全性；驾驶数据

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

2014 年中国网上零售B2C 市场规模达1.37 万亿元，同比增长65.3%。随着多年的发展，网上零售B2C 市场无论从技术层面，运营层面，还是市场层面，都达到一个相当的水平，中国网上零售B2C 市场已进入成熟阶段。

关键词：网上零售；B2C；市场分析

查看摘要 索取原文[72页]

Parking facilities are important to the construction and development of urban central commercial district. With the increase of urban economy and people's living standards, more and more cars, followed by more and more city parking is not convenient. Especially in the city center business district, "parking difficult" problem is particularly serious. In order to solve the parking problem, Yuan Yang-Cheng in T city commercial district is taken as the object, according to the investigation on the parking behavior. The survey results show that the key factors affecting the behavior of parking is price and the parking is interested in the convenient parking of parking guidance system. Also, the reasonable use of price lever parking supply and demand has great room for adjustment.

关键词：汽车；停车问题；城市中心

查看摘要 索取原文[8页]

The scope of this paper is to develop an advanced stated preferences (SP) survey customized to capture teenagers' behaviors and to estimate models of hybrid mode choices, in which the utilities depend on both the attributes of the mode and the latent variable willingness to walk or cycle. The SP scenarios include four alternative modes for the trip to school-car (escorted by parents), bus, bicycle, and walk-while the attributes are travel time; travel cost; walking tune to the bus station; availability of bike paths, sidewalks, and parking places; and weather conditions. The data are drawn from a survey that took place in all the high schools of Cyprus in 2012. The sample consists of 4,174 teenagers (ages 12 to 18) and covers 8.7% of the total high school population. For the model estimations, 8,348 SP observations are used. It was found that the existence of bike paths and wide pavements significantly affect the choice of active transport. The latent variable enters significantly into the specification of the choice model to assure that unobserved variables should be implemented in the choice process. Willingness to walk and to cycle has a positive effect on the choice of those alternatives and a negative effect on the choice of a car. Moreover, parents' level of education and mode use patterns and habits influence the development of attitudes toward mode choice. The results of the study provide insights on policies and campaigns that may help the next generation develop greener travel behavior.

关键词：交通；车辆；步行；青少年；选择意愿

查看摘要 索取原文[11页]

This paper presents an analysis of the degree of willingness to change from motorized travel modes to walking or cycling. The aim of the analysis is to reduce uncertainty between stated willingness to change and real shifts from car or transit to nonmotorized transportation modes. Data were collected in the city of Valencia, Spain, through a novel data collection effort based on multiple survey methods. Respondents traveling by car or transit were asked about their willingness to change to walking or cycling under the implementation of improvement measures to be selected. Then a hypothetical scenario was presented to respondents who stated a willingness to change; in the scenario, the previously selected measures were implemented and respondents were supposed to be cycling or walking. In addition, the costs of their usual travel mode were gradually reduced until they gave up cycling or walking. Those who decided to keep on walking or cycling were assumed to have a strong willingness to change. A statistical analysis performed with Heckman's sample selection model permitted identification of demographic, socioeconomic, and travel-related factors influencing the degree of willingness to change. Results revealed that car users presented a stronger willingness to switch to walking or cycling than transit users. In addition, older respondents showed a stronger willingness to change to both walking and cycling. Work- and school-related journeys were less associated with walking than noncommuting journeys, but they were more related to cycling. Policy implications of the results are highlighted.

关键词：汽车；意愿评估；模式选择

查看摘要 索取原文[9页]